2025
SIMVI disentangles intrinsic and spatial-induced cellular states in spatial omics data
Dong M, Su D, Kluger H, Fan R, Kluger Y. SIMVI disentangles intrinsic and spatial-induced cellular states in spatial omics data. Nature Communications 2025, 16: 2990. PMID: 40148341, PMCID: PMC11950362, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58089-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOmics dataSpatial omics dataAnalysis of gene expressionSingle-cell resolutionDownstream analysisCellular statesSpatial interaction modelsGerminal center B cellsGene expressionCommunication machineryOmics technologiesIntercellular interactionsSpatial omics technologiesTumor microenvironmentB cellsSpatial dynamicsHuman tonsilsMacrophage stateSpatial effectsMIF as an oncogenic driver of low‐heterogeneity melanomas
Tran T, Sánchez‐Zuno G, Kulkarni R, Kluger H, Bucala R. MIF as an oncogenic driver of low‐heterogeneity melanomas. Molecular Oncology 2025, 19: 1295-1298. PMID: 40131169, PMCID: PMC12077282, DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.70031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMacrophage migration inhibitory factorImproving therapeutic outcomesMigration inhibitory factorPotential therapeutic utilityImmune landscapeMelanoma clonesImmune escapeT cellsImmunoregulatory cytokinesTumor heterogeneityTumor progressionOncogenic driversPathway inhibitorTherapeutic outcomesTumor evolutionInhibitory factorCell proliferationMelanomaTumorCellsAntagonistCytokinesFAK inhibition combined with the RAF-MEK clamp avutometinib overcomes resistance to targeted and immune therapies in BRAF V600E melanoma
Lubrano S, Cervantes-Villagrana R, Faraji F, Ramirez S, Sato K, Adame-Garcia S, Officer A, Arang N, Rigiracciolo D, Anguiano Quiroz P, Martini C, Wang Y, Ferguson F, Bacchiocchi A, Halaban R, Coma S, Holmen S, Pachter J, Aplin A, Gutkind J. FAK inhibition combined with the RAF-MEK clamp avutometinib overcomes resistance to targeted and immune therapies in BRAF V600E melanoma. Cancer Cell 2025, 43: 428-445.e6. PMID: 40020669, PMCID: PMC11903146, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.02.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBRAF V600E melanomaFocal adhesion kinaseV600E melanomaFAK inhibitorActivated focal adhesion kinaseFocal adhesion kinase inhibitionRaf-MEKActivation of focal adhesion signalingFocal adhesion kinase inhibitorResistance to BRAFiSyngeneic mouse modelMAPK pathway inhibitionFocal adhesion signalingPro-apoptotic activityMelanoma patientsAdhesion signalingImmune therapyBRAF mutationsBRAFiTranscriptome analysisMelanomaMouse modelPathway inhibitionBRAFMelanoma cellsPhase Ib Study of Immunocytokine Simlukafusp Alfa (FAP-IL2v) Combined with Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Advanced and/or Metastatic Melanoma
Munoz-Couselo E, Rivas A, Sandhu S, Long G, Sanmamed M, Spreafico A, Buchbinder E, Sznol M, Prenen H, Fedenko A, Milhem M, Fernandez A, Grob J, Demidov L, Robert C, Habigt C, Evers S, Sleiman N, Dejardin D, Ardeshir C, Martin N, Boetsch C, Charo J, Teichgräber V, Kraxner A, Keshelava N, Bechter O. Phase Ib Study of Immunocytokine Simlukafusp Alfa (FAP-IL2v) Combined with Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Advanced and/or Metastatic Melanoma. Cancer Research Communications 2025, 5: 358-368. PMID: 39895413, PMCID: PMC11848832, DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0601.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhase Ib studyMetastatic melanomaFibroblast activation proteinSafety profileLack of clinical activityPhase Ib clinical studySafety run-in cohortAntitumor activityProgression-free survivalCD8 T cellsInfusion-related reactionsElevated alanine aminotransferaseQ3W dosingOpen-labelPembrolizumabT cellsAdverse eventsClinical studiesIb studyClinical activityExtension cohortMelanomaPatientsAlanine aminotransferaseInduction phase
2024
DNA Methylation Classes of Stage II and III Primary Melanomas and Their Clinical and Prognostic Significance
Conway K, Edmiston S, Vondras A, Reiner A, Corcoran D, Shen R, Parrish E, Hao H, Lin L, Kenney J, Ilelaboye G, Kostrzewa C, Kuan P, Busam K, Lezcano C, Lee T, Hernando E, Googe P, Ollila D, Moschos S, Gorlov I, Amos C, Ernstoff M, Cust A, Wilmott J, Scolyer R, Mann G, Vergara I, Ko J, Rees J, Yan S, Nagore E, Bosenberg M, Rothberg B, Osman I, Lee J, Saenger Y, Bogner P, Thompson C, Gerstenblith M, Holmen S, Funchain P, Brunsgaard E, Depcik-Smith N, Luo L, Boyce T, Orlow I, Begg C, Berwick M, Thomas N, Berwick M, Luo L, Boyce T, Reynolds A, Wiggins C, Thomas N, Conway K, Edmiston S, Ollila D, Hao H, Parrish E, Googe P, Moschos S, Corcoran D, Vondras A, Tsai Y, Lin L, Shen R, Begg C, Arora A, Seshan V, Reiner A, Kostrzewa C, Busam K, Orlow I, Lezcano C, Kenney J, Sadeghi K, O'Connell K, Ilelaboye G, Parmar H, Leong S, Corrales S, Scolyer R, Cust A, Wilmott J, Mann G, Shang P, Burke H, Ferguson P, Jakrot V, Lee T, Hernando E, Osman I, Hanniford D, Argibay D, Moran U, Heguy A, Ramaswami S, Amos C, Gorlov I, Zhu D, Ernstoff M, Bogner P, Lee J, Rees J, Yan S, Gerstenblith M, Thompson C, Ko J, Funchain P, Ngo P, Bosenberg M, Gould Rothberg B, Panse G, Saenger Y, Fullerton B, Holmen S, Colman H, Brunsgaard E, Wada D, Nagore E, Manrique-Silva E, Requena C, Traves V, Millan-Esteban D, Rainka M. DNA Methylation Classes of Stage II and III Primary Melanomas and Their Clinical and Prognostic Significance. JCO Precision Oncology 2024, 8: e2400375. PMID: 39509669, PMCID: PMC11737429, DOI: 10.1200/po-24-00375.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAmerican Joint Committee on CancerCpG island methylator phenotypePrimary melanomaBreslow thicknessMethylation classClinicopathological characteristicsN stageRisk of melanoma-related deathLow methylationStage IIRetrospective case-control studyCutaneous primary melanomaHigher AJCC stagePrimary cutaneous melanomaHigher N stageMelanoma-related deathDNA methylation classDied of melanomaMitotic indexCase-control studyIII patientsClinicopathological factorsCpG island hypermethylationPrognostic significanceAJCC stageNeoadjuvant vidutolimod and nivolumab in high-risk resectable melanoma: A prospective phase II trial
Davar D, Morrison R, Dzutsev A, Karunamurthy A, Chauvin J, Amatore F, Deutsch J, Das Neves R, Rodrigues R, McCulloch J, Wang H, Hartman D, Badger J, Fernandes M, Bai Y, Sun J, Cole A, Aggarwal P, Fang J, Deitrick C, Bao R, Duvvuri U, Sridharan S, Kim S, A Choudry H, Holtzman M, Pingpank J, O'Toole J, DeBlasio R, Jin Y, Ding Q, Gao W, Groetsch C, Pagliano O, Rose A, Urban C, Singh J, Divarkar P, Mauro D, Bobilev D, Wooldridge J, Krieg A, Fury M, Whiteaker J, Zhao L, Paulovich A, Najjar Y, Luke J, Kirkwood J, Taube J, Park H, Trinchieri G, Zarour H. Neoadjuvant vidutolimod and nivolumab in high-risk resectable melanoma: A prospective phase II trial. Cancer Cell 2024, 42: 1898-1918.e12. PMID: 39486411, PMCID: PMC11560503, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.10.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPlasmacytoid dendritic cellsHigh-risk resected melanomaResected melanomaCD8<sup>+</sup> tumor-infiltrating lymphocytesAnti-PD-1 nivolumabAnti-tumor immune responseProspective phase II trialAnti-PD-1Associated with gene signaturesTumor-infiltrating lymphocytesPhase II trialResponse to therapySingle-arm studyAssociated with necrosisGut microbiotaClinical responseII trialPrimary endpointDendritic cellsTLR9 agonistsTumor microenvironmentT cellsMyeloid cellsPathological responseImmune activationSequencing of Checkpoint or BRAF/MEK Inhibitors on Brain Metastases in Melanoma.
Ascierto P, Mandalà M, Ferrucci P, Guidoboni M, Rutkowski P, Ferraresi V, Arance A, Guida M, Maiello E, Gogas H, Richtig E, Quaglino P, Lebbé C, Helgadottir H, Queirolo P, Spagnolo F, Tucci M, Del Vecchio M, Gonzalez-Cao M, Minisini A, De Placido S, Sanmamed M, Casula M, Bulgarelli J, Pisano M, Piccinini C, Piccin L, Cossu A, Mallardo D, Paone M, Vitale M, Melero I, Grimaldi A, Giannarelli D, Palmieri G, Dummer R, Sileni V. Sequencing of Checkpoint or BRAF/MEK Inhibitors on Brain Metastases in Melanoma. NEJM Evidence 2024, 3: evidoa2400087. PMID: 39315864, DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2400087.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitionBrain metastasesBRAF/MEK inhibitorsArm BArm AProgressive diseaseCheckpoint inhibitionBrain metastases-free survivalImmune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumabMetastases-free survival ratesDevelopment of brain metastasesCheckpoint inhibitor ipilimumabMetastases-free survivalUnresectable metastatic melanomaV600-mutant melanomaCheckpoint inhibitorsInhibitor ipilimumabMetastatic melanomaBRAF/MEK inhibitionArm CReviewed patientsBRAF/MEKThree-arm trialEncorafenibFollow-upTrends in Invasive Melanoma Thickness in Norway, 1983-2019.
Rimal R, Robsahm T, Green A, Ghiasvand R, Rueegg C, Bassarova A, Gjersvik P, Weiderpass E, Aalen O, Møller B, Perrier F, Veierød M. Trends in Invasive Melanoma Thickness in Norway, 1983-2019. Acta Dermato Venereologica 2024, 104: adv26110. PMID: 39221835, DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.26110.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-term incidence trendsCancer Registry of NorwayIncidence time trendsTumor thicknessCancer RegistryIncidence trendsBirth cohortTime trendsPrevention strategiesMelanoma occurrenceAge groupsMelanoma RegistryT categoryMelanoma thicknessT1 melanomasPathology reportsYounger patientsAnatomical sitesIncreased incidenceMelanomaSex differencesTumorIncidencePatientsMenSuccessful management of pre-existing psoriatic arthritis through targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a case series
Li Y, Msaouel P, Campbell M, Hwu P, Diab A, Kim S. Successful management of pre-existing psoriatic arthritis through targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a case series. RMD Open 2024, 10: e004308. PMID: 39214611, PMCID: PMC11367333, DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004308.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapyAnti-IL-17A antibodyAdverse eventsAnti-PD-1 antibody monotherapyInterleukin (IL)-17/IL-23 axisPsoriatic arthritisImmune checkpoint inhibitor treatmentPD-1 antibody therapyResponse to ICI therapyImmune-related adverse eventsIL-23/IL-17 axisImmune checkpoint inhibitor exposureIL-17/23 axisAnti-CTLA-4Checkpoint inhibitor therapyCell renal cell carcinomaAnti-IL-17AAnti-IL-23 antibodyAssociated with adverse eventsPre-existing psoriasisAnti-tumor efficacyIL-23/IL-17Renal cell carcinomaICI therapyGP100 expression is variable in intensity in melanoma
Mann J, Hasson N, Su D, Adeniran A, Smalley K, Djureinovic D, Jilaveanu L, Schoenfeld D, Kluger H. GP100 expression is variable in intensity in melanoma. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 2024, 73: 191. PMID: 39105816, PMCID: PMC11303354, DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03776-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGp100 expressionCutaneous melanomaTreatment of cutaneous melanomaAdvanced cutaneous melanomaT-cell engagersImprove patient selectionMetastatic melanomaUveal melanomaMetastatic samplesPatient selectionClinical trialsMelanomaQuantitative immunofluorescence methodGp100Improve outcomesImmunofluorescence methodTherapeutic intentDrugCellular productsExpressionTebentafuspImmunohistochemistryChemical complementarity of tumor resident, T-cell receptor CDR3s and renalase-1 correlates with increased melanoma survival
Zaman S, Gorelick F, Chrobrutskiy A, Chobrutskiy B, Desir G, Blanck G. Chemical complementarity of tumor resident, T-cell receptor CDR3s and renalase-1 correlates with increased melanoma survival. Oncotarget 2024, 15: 550-561. PMID: 39102218, PMCID: PMC11299663, DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28633.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT cell receptorOverall survivalT cellsAssociated with improved overall survivalT-cell receptor CDR3sPromote T cell activationImproved overall survivalSurvival of melanomaPancreatic cancer patientsT cell activationT cell receptor recognitionTumor-residentTumor rejectionMelanoma patientsMelanoma growthMelanoma survivalImmune signature genesSurvival associationsCancer patientsMelanomaSignature genesAmino acid sequenceSurvivalPatientsExpression levelsPrognostic and therapeutic insights into MIF, DDT, and CD74 in melanoma
Valdez C, Sánchez-Zuno G, Osmani L, Ibrahim W, Galan A, Bacchiocchi A, Halaban R, Kulkarni R, Kang I, Bucala R, Tran T. Prognostic and therapeutic insights into MIF, DDT, and CD74 in melanoma. Oncotarget 2024, 15: 507-520. PMID: 39028303, PMCID: PMC11259151, DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28615.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntigens, Differentiation, B-LymphocyteBiomarkers, TumorFemaleHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsIntramolecular OxidoreductasesMacrophage Migration-Inhibitory FactorsMaleMelanomaMiddle AgedMutationPrognosisRetrospective StudiesSkin NeoplasmsConceptsMacrophage migration inhibitory factorImmune checkpoint inhibitionD-dopachrome tautomeraseExpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factorDrivers of tumor progressionInflammatory cell markersPatient tumor samplesPatient survival outcomesMigration inhibitory factorStatistically significant differenceCheckpoint inhibitionImmune therapyPrognostic valueSurvival outcomesResistant melanomaGene expressionImproved survivalRetrospective studyInflammatory markersTumor progressionCell markersTumor samplesClinical evidenceMelanomaBulk RNA sequencingSystems modeling of oncogenic G-protein and GPCR signaling reveals unexpected differences in downstream pathway activation
Trogdon M, Abbott K, Arang N, Lande K, Kaur N, Tong M, Bakhoum M, Gutkind J, Stites E. Systems modeling of oncogenic G-protein and GPCR signaling reveals unexpected differences in downstream pathway activation. Npj Systems Biology And Applications 2024, 10: 75. PMID: 39013872, PMCID: PMC11252164, DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00400-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSignaling networksMathematical models of biochemical reaction networksModels of biochemical reaction networksG-proteinCell signaling networksDisease-causing mutationsComputational systems biologyBiochemical reaction networksDownstream pathway activationSignaling phenotypeSystems biologyBioinformatics analysisGPCR signalingMutationsCo-occurring mutationsOncogenic mutationsPathway activationDiscovery toolPathwayReaction networkSignalCYSLTR2 mutationsDiscoveryPhenotypeMutually-exclusiveMelanocortin-1 Receptor Expression as a Marker of Progression in Melanoma
Su D, Djureinovic D, Schoenfeld D, Marquez-Nostra B, Olino K, Jilaveanu L, Kluger H. Melanocortin-1 Receptor Expression as a Marker of Progression in Melanoma. JCO Precision Oncology 2024, 8: e2300702. PMID: 38662983, PMCID: PMC11513442, DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00702.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMC1R expressionMelanoma progressionAssociated with shorter survivalStages of melanoma progressionCases of benign neviChronic sun exposureMarkers of progressionHuman melanoma tissuesBreslow thicknessMelanocortin-1Metastatic melanomaOverall survivalPrimary melanomaMetastatic tumorsMelanoma cohortReceptor expressionPredictive biomarkersAggressive melanomaPrimary lesionTissue microarrayShorter survivalMale sexQuantitative immunofluorescenceBenign neviClinical trialsVascular mimicry as a facilitator of melanoma brain metastasis
Provance O, Oria V, Tran T, Caulfield J, Zito C, Aguirre-Ducler A, Schalper K, Kluger H, Jilaveanu L. Vascular mimicry as a facilitator of melanoma brain metastasis. Cellular And Molecular Life Sciences 2024, 81: 188. PMID: 38635031, PMCID: PMC11026261, DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05217-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVascular mimicryBrain metastasesMouse model of metastatic melanomaIncreased risk of metastasisAssociated with tumor volumeMelanoma brain metastasesRisk of metastasisSurvival of miceFuture treatment regimensCell line modelsTumor suppressor pathwayMetastatic melanomaTumor volumeSolid tumorsTreatment regimensTumor typesPoor prognosisHippo tumor suppressor pathwayIncreased riskMouse modelDownstream targets YAPMelanomaMetastasisSuppressor pathwayTumorTreatment-free survival outcomes from the phase II study of nivolumab and salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (HCRN GU16-260-Cohort A)
Atkins M, Jegede O, Haas N, Mcdermott D, Bilen M, Stein M, Sosman J, Alter R, Plimack E, Ornstein M, Hurwitz M, Peace D, Einstein D, Catalano P, Hammers H, Regan M. Treatment-free survival outcomes from the phase II study of nivolumab and salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (HCRN GU16-260-Cohort A). Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2024, 12: e008293. PMID: 38604810, PMCID: PMC11015345, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008293.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-free survivalInternational Metastatic RCC Database ConsortiumFavorable-risk patientsNivolumab monotherapyPhase II study of nivolumabCessation of immunotherapyFavorable-risk diseaseProtocol therapy cessationStudy of nivolumabSystemic therapy initiationTreatment naive patientsPhase II studyRenal cell carcinomaKaplan-Meier curvesActive treatment approachPartitioned survival analysisCheckMate 067Stable diseaseProtocol therapyAdvanced melanomaTherapy initiationTreatment-freeCell carcinomaClear-cellProtocol treatmentThe Impact of Next-generation Sequencing on Interobserver Agreement and Diagnostic Accuracy of Desmoplastic Melanocytic Neoplasms
Chen A, Sharma N, Patel P, Olivares S, Bahrami A, Barnhill R, Blokx W, Bosenberg M, Busam K, de La Fouchardière A, Duncan L, Elder D, Ko J, Landman G, Lazar A, Lezcano C, Lowe L, Maher N, Massi D, Messina J, Mihic-Probst D, Parker D, Redpath M, Scolyer R, Shea C, Spatz A, Tron V, Xu X, Yeh I, Yun S, Zembowicz A, Gerami P. The Impact of Next-generation Sequencing on Interobserver Agreement and Diagnostic Accuracy of Desmoplastic Melanocytic Neoplasms. The American Journal Of Surgical Pathology 2024, 48: 708-718. PMID: 38590014, DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002226.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDesmoplastic melanomaMelanocytic neoplasmsNext-generation sequencingInterobserver agreementDiagnostic accuracyHematoxylin and eosin sectionsImpact of next-generation sequencingDiagnostic scenariosMetastatic diseaseDesmoplastic tumorsMelanocytic tumorsMelanoma casesMelanoma geneticsFleiss' multirater kappaAccurate diagnosisNeoplasmsMelanomaAncillary toolDegree of improvementMultirater kappaDiagnosisGenomic findingsTumorGenome sequencing resultsPathologistsImpact of immunotherapy time-of-day infusion on survival and immunologic correlates in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter cohort analysis
Patel J, Woo Y, Draper A, Jansen C, Carlisle J, Innominato P, Lévi F, Dhabaan L, Master V, Bilen M, Khan M, Lowe M, Kissick H, Buchwald Z, Qian D. Impact of immunotherapy time-of-day infusion on survival and immunologic correlates in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter cohort analysis. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2024, 12: e008011. PMID: 38531662, PMCID: PMC10966813, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfusions of immune checkpoint inhibitorsMetastatic renal cell carcinomaProgression-free survivalOverall survivalRenal cell carcinomaCell carcinomaInternational Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk scoreAssociated with longer progression-free survivalLung cancerGroup BGroup ATime of ICI initiationLonger progression-free survivalNon-small cell lung cancerMultivariable Cox proportional hazards regressionImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPretreatment lactate dehydrogenaseCell lung cancerCox proportional hazards regressionAdaptive immune responsesProportional hazards regressionMulticenter cohort analysisCheckpoint inhibitorsICI initiationMetastatic melanomaBRAF Mutated and Morphologically Spitzoid Tumors, a Subgroup of Melanocytic Neoplasms Difficult to Distinguish From True Spitz Neoplasms
Gerami P, Chen A, Sharma N, Patel P, Hagstrom M, Kancherla P, Geraminejad T, Olivares S, Biswas A, Bosenberg M, Busam K, de La Fouchardière A, Duncan L, Elder D, Ko J, Landman G, Lazar A, Lowe L, Massi D, Mihic-Probst D, Parker D, Scolyer R, Shea C, Zembowicz A, Yun S, Blokx W, Barnhill R. BRAF Mutated and Morphologically Spitzoid Tumors, a Subgroup of Melanocytic Neoplasms Difficult to Distinguish From True Spitz Neoplasms. The American Journal Of Surgical Pathology 2024, 48: 538-545. PMID: 38525831, DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002194.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDigital spatial proteomic profiling reveals immune checkpoints as biomarkers in lymphoid aggregates and tumor microenvironment of desmoplastic melanoma
Su D, Schoenfeld D, Ibrahim W, Cabrejo R, Djureinovic D, Baumann R, Rimm D, Khan S, Halaban R, Kluger H, Olino K, Galan A, Clune J. Digital spatial proteomic profiling reveals immune checkpoints as biomarkers in lymphoid aggregates and tumor microenvironment of desmoplastic melanoma. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2024, 12: e008646. PMID: 38519058, PMCID: PMC10961546, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008646.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCTLA-4 expression levelsCancer-associated fibroblastsAssociated with worse survivalExpression of immune checkpointsLAG-3 expressionDesmoplastic melanomaLymphoid aggregatesCTLA-4PD-1Immune checkpointsIntratumoral leukocytesLAG-3Tumor compartmentsWorse survivalCD20+B cellsIncreased expression of immune checkpointsProgrammed cell death protein 1Macrophage/monocyte markerSentinel lymph node positivityCell death protein 1Associated with poor prognosisLymph node positivityDense fibrous stromaPotential prognostic significanceCore of tumors
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