Serena Spudich, MD, MA

Research Interests

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiviral Agents; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Dementia; HIV; Nervous System; Neurology; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Biomarkers, Pharmacological

Public Health Interests

Antivirals; Biomarkers; Dementia; Disease transmission; HIV/AIDS; Immune functions; Infectious Disease; Viruses

Research Organizations

Neurology

Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research

Faculty Research

Stem Cell Center, Yale

Office of Cooperative Research

Yale Institute for Global Health

Research Summary

Our group’s clinical and translational research focuses on characterization of the central nervous system in HIV-infected patients in an effort to understand and treat the processes underlying damage to the nervous system by HIV, as well as establishment and reduction of potential central nervous system reservoirs for infection.

Our current program employs a multidisciplinary approach to patient-oriented research in neuro-HIV, through active collaborations with researchers in immunology, radiology, neuropsychology, virology, and molecular biomarkers. We apply these methods to novel studies of patients that may inform about neuroprotection and neuropathogenesis in HIV, including individuals with acute or early HIV infection, patients at different stages of treatment with antiretroviral therapy, and individuals with cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape (detected HIV in the central nervous system despite effective treatment in the blood). We are also performing clinical studies aimed to examine and/or reduce early establishment of central nervous system reservoirs for HIV infection.

Our studies focus on subjects recruited in urban centers in the US and international sites including Bangkok, Thailand. Broader involvement with the design and implementation of multicenter studies relevant to neuro-HIV is facilitated by Dr. Spudich’s position within the international AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG), facilitated by an affiliation with the Cornell AIDS Clinical Trials Unit.

Specialized Terms: HIV; AIDS; Central nervous system inflammation; Viral compartmentalization; Acute infection; HIV reservoirs; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Diffusion tensor imaging; Neural markers; Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers

Selected Publications

• Neurologic signs and symptoms frequently manifest in acute HIV infection.

  Hellmuth J, Fletcher JL, Valcour V, Kroon E, Ananworanich J, Intasan J, Lerdlum S, Narvid J, Pothisri M, Allen I, Krebs SJ, Slike B, Prueksakaew P, Jagodzinski LL, Puttamaswin S, Phanuphak N, Spudich S; SEARCH 010/RV254 Study Group. Neurologic signs and symptoms frequently manifest in acute HIV infection. Neurology. 2016 Jul 12;87(2):148-54

• Putamen volume and its clinical and neurological correlates in primary HIV infection.

  Wright PW, Pyakurel A, Vaida FF, Price RW, Lee E, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Zetterberg H, Robertson KR, Walter R, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich SS, Ances BM. Putamen volume and its clinical and neurological correlates in primary HIV infection. AIDS. 2016 Jul 17;30(11):1789-94.

• Deep sequencing of HIV-1 variants from paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid during primary HIV infection.

  Gega A, Kozal MJ, Chiarella J, Lee E, Peterson J, Hecht FM, Liegler T, St John EP, Simen BB, Price RW, Spudich SS. Deep sequencing of HIV-1 variants from paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid during primary HIV infection. J Virus Erad. 2015;1(4):264-268.

• Immediate initiation of cART is associated with lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40, a marker of microglial activation, in HIV-1 infection.

  Peluso MJ, Valcour V, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Krebs SJ, Robb ML, Hellmuth J, Gisslén M, Zetterberg H, Spudich S; RV254SEARCH 010, RV304SEARCH 013, and SEARCH 011 Study Teams. AIDS. 2017 Jan 14;31(2):247-252.

• High Number of Activated CD8+ T Cells Targeting HIV Antigens Are Present in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Acute HIV Infection.

  Kessing CF, Spudich S, Valcour V, Cartwright P, Chalermchai T, Fletcher JL, Takata H, Nichols C, Josey BJ, Slike B, Krebs SJ, Sailsuta N, Lerdlum S, Jagodzinski L, Tipsuk S, Suttichom D, Rattanamanee S, Zetterberg H, Hellmuth J, Phanuphak N, Robb ML, Michael NL, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 May 1;75(1):108-117.

• Neuropsychological Impairment in Acute HIV and the Effect of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy.

  Kore I, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Paul R, Reynolds J, Tipsuk S, Ubolyam S, Rattanamanee S, Jagodzinski L, Kim J, Spudich S; RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group. Neuropsychological Impairment in Acute HIV and the Effect of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Dec 1;70(4):393-9.

• Compartmentalized replication of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 in the central nervous system early in the course of infection.

  Sturdevant CB, Joseph SB, Schnell G, Price RW, Swanstrom R, Spudich S. Compartmentalized replication of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 in the central nervous system early in the course of infection. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar 26;11(3):e1004720.

• Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Is Initiated During Primary HIV Infection and Not Rapidly Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy.

  Rahimy E, Li FY, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Robertson K, Meyerhoff DJ, Zetterberg H, Price RW, Gisslén M, Spudich S. J Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 1;215(7):1132-1140.

• Acute Retroviral Syndrome is Associated with High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments. Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 7.

Full List of PubMed Publications

• Hsu DC, Sunyakumthorn P, Wegner M, Schuetz A, Silsorn D, Estes JD, Deleage C, Tomusange K, Lakhashe SK, Ruprecht RM, Lombardini E, Im-Erbsin R, Kuncharin Y, Phuang-Ngern Y, Inthawong D, Chuenarom W, Burke R, Robb ML, Ndhlovu LC, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, O'Connell RJ, Spudich S, Michael NL, Vasan S: Central Nervous System Inflammation and Infection During Early, Non-Accelerated Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques. J Virol. 2018 Mar 21; 2018 Mar 21. PMID: 29563297
• Burbelo PD, Price RW, Hagberg L, Hatano H, Spudich S, Deeks SG, Gisslén M: Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: Evidence of Early Treatment Impact on Central Nervous System Reservoir? J Infect Dis. 2018 Mar 13. PMID: 29401308
• Chan P, Hellmuth J, Colby D, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Fletcher J, Patel P, Pinyakorn S, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Spudich S: Safety of lumbar puncture procedure in an international research setting during acute HIV infection. J Virus Erad. 2018 Jan 1; 2018 Jan 1. PMID: 29568548
• Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group.: Acute Retroviral Syndrome is Associated with High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 7; 2017 Dec 7. PMID: 29228130
• Farhadian S, Patel P, Spudich S: Neurological Complications of HIV Infection. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017 Nov 21; 2017 Nov 21. PMID: 29164407
• Hellmuth J, Colby D, Valcour V, Suttichom D, Spudich S, Ananworanich J, Prueksakaew P, Sailasuta N, Allen I, Jagodzinski LL, Slike B, Ochi D, Paul R, RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group.: Depression and Anxiety are Common in Acute HIV Infection and Associate with Plasma Immune Activation. AIDS Behav. 2017 Nov. PMID: 28484888
• Weikum D, Shrestha R, Ferro EG, Vagenas P, Copenhaver M, Spudich S, Alpert MD, Cabello R, Lama JR, Sanchez J, Altice FL: An explanatory factor analysis of a brief self-report scale to detect neurocognitive impairment among HIV-positive men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru. AIDS Care. 2017 Oct; 2017 Apr 27. PMID: 28449599
• Yilmaz A, Blennow K, Hagberg L, Nilsson S, Price RW, Schouten J, Spudich S, Underwood J, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M: Neurofilament light chain protein as a marker of neuronal injury: review of its use in HIV-1 infection and reference values for HIV-negative controls. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2017 Aug; 2017 Jun 14. PMID: 28598205
• Kessing CF, Spudich S, Valcour V, Cartwright P, Chalermchai T, Fletcher JL, Takata H, Nichols C, Josey BJ, Slike B, Krebs SJ, Sailsuta N, Lerdlum S, Jagodzinski L, Tipsuk S, Suttichom D, Rattanamanee S, Zetterberg H, Hellmuth J, Phanuphak N, Robb ML, Michael NL, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L: High Number of Activated CD8+ T Cells Targeting HIV Antigens Are Present in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Acute HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 May 1. PMID: 28177966
• Spudich SS, Ances BM: CROI 2017: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Top Antivir Med. 2017 May/Jun. PMID: 28598791
• Rahimy E, Li FY, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Robertson K, Meyerhoff DJ, Zetterberg H, Price RW, Gisslén M, Spudich S: Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Is Initiated During Primary HIV Infection and Not Rapidly Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 1. PMID: 28368497
• Peluso MJ, Valcour V, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Krebs SJ, Robb ML, Hellmuth J, Gisslén M, Zetterberg H, Spudich S, RV254SEARCH 010, RV304SEARCH 013, and SEARCH 011 Study Teams.: Immediate initiation of cART is associated with lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40, a marker of microglial activation, in HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2017 Jan 14. PMID: 27819802
• Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Wan Sulaiman WA, Lekoubou A, Hellmuth J, Valcour V, Spudich S: Neurologic signs and symptoms frequently manifest in acute HIV infection. Neurology. 2016 Nov 29. PMID: 27895248
• Joseph J, Cinque P, Colosi D, Dravid A, Ene L, Fox H, Gabuzda D, Gisslen M, Beth Joseph S, Letendre S, Mukerji SS, Nath A, Perez-Valero I, Persaud D, Price RW, Rao VR, Sacktor N, Swanstrom R, Winston A, Wojna V, Wright E, Spudich S: Highlights of the Global HIV-1 CSF Escape Consortium Meeting, 9 June 2016, Bethesda, MD, USA. J Virus Erad. 2016 Oct 5; 2016 Oct 5. PMID: 27781109
• Ganesh A, Lemongello D, Lee E, Peterson J, McLaughlin BE, Ferre AL, Gillespie GM, Fuchs D, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Price RW, Spudich SS, Shacklett BL: Immune Activation and HIV-Specific CD8(+) T Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV Controllers and Noncontrollers. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2016 Aug; 2016 May 2. PMID: 27019338
• Chan P, Hellmuth J, Spudich S, Valcour V: Cognitive Impairment and Persistent CNS Injury in Treated HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016 Aug. PMID: 27188299
• Le LT, Spudich SS: HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders and Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV. Semin Neurol. 2016 Aug; 2016 Sep 19. PMID: 27643907
• Wright PW, Pyakurel A, Vaida FF, Price RW, Lee E, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Zetterberg H, Robertson KR, Walter R, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich SS, Ances BM: Putamen volume and its clinical and neurological correlates in primary HIV infection. AIDS. 2016 Jul 17. PMID: 27045376
• Hellmuth J, Fletcher JL, Valcour V, Kroon E, Ananworanich J, Intasan J, Lerdlum S, Narvid J, Pothisri M, Allen I, Krebs SJ, Slike B, Prueksakaew P, Jagodzinski LL, Puttamaswin S, Phanuphak N, Spudich S, SEARCH 010/RV254 Study Group.: Neurologic signs and symptoms frequently manifest in acute HIV infection. Neurology. 2016 Jul 12; 2016 Jun 10. PMID: 27287217
• Gisslén M, Price RW, Andreasson U, Norgren N, Nilsson S, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H: Corrigendum to: "Plasma concentration of the neurofilament light protein (NFL) is a biomarker of CNS injury in HIV infection: A cross-sectional study" [EBioMedicine 3 (216) 135-140]. EBioMedicine. 2016 May; 2016 Apr 20. PMID: 27322482
• Spudich SS, Ances BM: CROI 2016: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Top Antivir Med. 2016 May-Jun. PMID: 27398860
• Spudich SS: Immune activation in the central nervous system throughout the course of HIV infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016 Mar. PMID: 26760827
• Ananworanich J, Sacdalan CP, Pinyakorn S, Chomont N, de Souza M, Luekasemsuk T, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Dewar R, Jagodzinski L, Ubolyam S, Trichavaroj R, Tovanabutra S, Spudich S, Valcour V, Sereti I, Michael N, Robb M, Phanuphak P, Kim JH, Phanuphak N: Virological and immunological characteristics of HIV-infected individuals at the earliest stage of infection. J Virus Erad. 2016. PMID: 26889497
• Kore I, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Paul R, Reynolds J, Tipsuk S, Ubolyam S, Rattanamanee S, Jagodzinski L, Kim J, Spudich S, RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group.: Neuropsychological Impairment in Acute HIV and the Effect of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Dec 1. PMID: 26509933
• Peluso MJ, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Sithinamsuwan P, Chalermchai T, Fletcher JL, Lerdlum S, Chomchey N, Slike B, Sailasuta N, Gisslén M, Zetterberg H, Spudich S, RV254/SEARCH 010 and SEARCH 011 Study Teams.: Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Signs of Neuronal Injury Before and After Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute HIV Infection. J Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 1; 2015 May 20. PMID: 25995196
• Gisslén M, Price RW, Andreasson U, Norgren N, Nilsson S, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H: Plasma Concentration of the Neurofilament Light Protein (NFL) is a Biomarker of CNS Injury in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study. EBioMedicine. 2016 Jan; 2015 Nov 22. PMID: 26870824
• Valcour VG, Spudich SS, Sailasuta N, Phanuphak N, Lerdlum S, Fletcher JL, Kroon ED, Jagodzinski LL, Allen IE, Adams CL, Prueksakaew P, Slike BM, Hellmuth JM, Kim JH, Ananworanich J, SEARCH 010/RV 254 Study Group.: Neurological Response to cART vs. cART plus Integrase Inhibitor and CCR5 Antagonist Initiated during Acute HIV. PLoS One. 2015; 2015 Nov 10. PMID: 26555069
• Arrildt KT, LaBranche CC, Joseph SB, Dukhovlinova EN, Graham WD, Ping LH, Schnell G, Sturdevant CB, Kincer LP, Mallewa M, Heyderman RS, Rie AV, Cohen MS, Spudich S, Price RW, Montefiori DC, Swanstrom R: Phenotypic Correlates of HIV-1 Macrophage Tropism. J Virol. 2015 Nov; 2015 Sep 2. PMID: 26339058
• Hellmuth J, Valcour V, Spudich S: CNS reservoirs for HIV: implications for eradication. J Virus Erad. 2015 Apr. PMID: 26430703
• Ho EL, Spudich SS: Neurosyphilis and the impact of HIV infection. Sex Health. 2015 Apr. PMID: 25890619
• Sturdevant CB, Joseph SB, Schnell G, Price RW, Swanstrom R, Spudich S: Compartmentalized replication of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 in the central nervous system early in the course of infection. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar; 2015 Mar 26. PMID: 25811757
• Zayyad Z, Spudich S: Neuropathogenesis of HIV: from initial neuroinvasion to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015 Mar. PMID: 25604237
• Spudich SS, Ances BM: CROI 2015: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Top Antivir Med. 2015 Mar-Apr. PMID: 25965311
• Wright PW, Vaida FF, Fernández RJ, Rutlin J, Price RW, Lee E, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Shimony JS, Robertson KR, Walter R, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich S, Ances BM: Cerebral white matter integrity during primary HIV infection. AIDS. 2015 Feb 20. PMID: 25513818
• Gega A, Kozal MJ, Chiarella J, Lee E, Peterson J, Hecht FM, Liegler T, St John EP, Simen BB, Price RW, Spudich SS: Deep sequencing of HIV-1 variants from paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid during primary HIV infection. J Virus Erad. 2015. PMID: 26855971
• Peterson J, Gisslen M, Zetterberg H, Fuchs D, Shacklett BL, Hagberg L, Yiannoutsos CT, Spudich SS, Price RW: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal biomarkers across the spectrum of HIV infection: hierarchy of injury and detection. PLoS One. 2014; 2014 Dec 26. PMID: 25541953
• Suh J, Sinclair E, Peterson J, Lee E, Kyriakides TC, Li FY, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Price RW, Gisslen M, Spudich S: Progressive increase in central nervous system immune activation in untreated primary HIV-1 infection. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Dec 3; 2014 Dec 3. PMID: 25465205
• Young AC, Yiannoutsos CT, Hegde M, Lee E, Peterson J, Walter R, Price RW, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich S: Cerebral metabolite changes prior to and after antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection. Neurology. 2014 Oct 28; 2014 Sep 26. PMID: 25261502
• Peluso MJ, Spudich S: Treatment of HIV in the CNS: effects of antiretroviral therapy and the promise of non-antiretroviral therapeutics. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2014 Sep. PMID: 25063356
• Wang SX, Ho EL, Grill M, Lee E, Peterson J, Robertson K, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW, Spudich S: Peripheral neuropathy in primary HIV infection associates with systemic and central nervous system immune activation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Jul 1. PMID: 24732871
• Gold JA, Grill M, Peterson J, Pilcher C, Lee E, Hecht FM, Fuchs D, Yiannoutsos CT, Price RW, Robertson K, Spudich S: Longitudinal characterization of depression and mood states beginning in primary HIV infection. AIDS Behav. 2014 Jun. PMID: 24385231
• Dahl V, Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Peterson J, Shao W, Spudich S, Price RW, Palmer S: An example of genetically distinct HIV type 1 variants in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma during suppressive therapy. J Infect Dis. 2014 May 15; 2013 Dec 12. PMID: 24338353
• Spudich SS: CROI 2014: Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Top Antivir Med. 2014 May. PMID: 24901885
• Price RW, Spudich SS, Peterson J, Joseph S, Fuchs D, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Swanstrom R: Evolving character of chronic central nervous system HIV infection. Semin Neurol. 2014 Feb; 2014 Apr 8. PMID: 24715483
• Spudich S, Meyer AC: HIV Neurology. Preface. Semin Neurol. 2014 Feb; 2014 Apr 8. PMID: 24715482
• Price RW, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Angel TE, Zetterberg H, Hagberg L, Spudich S, Smith RD, Jacobs JM, Brown JN, Gisslen M: Approach to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker discovery and evaluation in HIV infection. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013 Dec; 2013 Aug 13. PMID: 23943280
• Spudich S: HIV and neurocognitive dysfunction. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2013 Sep. PMID: 23860944
• Spudich SS, Ances BM: Neurologic complications of HIV infection: highlights from the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Top Antivir Med. 2013 Jul-Aug. PMID: 23981597
• Ho EL, Ronquillo R, Altmeppen H, Spudich SS, Price RW, Sinclair E: Cellular Composition of Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV-1 Infected and Uninfected Subjects. PLoS One. 2013; 2013 Jun 18. PMID: 23822975
• Peluso MJ, Meyerhoff DJ, Price RW, Peterson J, Lee E, Young AC, Walter R, Fuchs D, Brew BJ, Cinque P, Robertson K, Hagberg L, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Spudich S: Cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarker abnormalities suggest early neurological injury in a subset of individuals during primary HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2013 Jun 1; 2013 Mar 4. PMID: 23460748
• Yilmaz A, Yiannoutsos CT, Fuchs D, Price RW, Crozier K, Hagberg L, Spudich S, Gisslén M: Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin decay characteristics after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. J Neuroinflammation. 2013 May 10; 2013 May 10. PMID: 23664008
• Dahl V, Peterson J, Spudich S, Lee E, Shacklett BL, Price RW, Palmer S: Single-copy assay quantification of HIV-1 RNA in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples from elite controllers. AIDS. 2013 Apr 24. PMID: 23211774
• Peluso MJ, Ferretti F, Peterson J, Lee E, Fuchs D, Boschini A, Gisslén M, Angoff N, Price RW, Cinque P, Spudich S: Cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape associated with progressive neurologic dysfunction in patients on antiretroviral therapy with well controlled plasma viral load. AIDS. 2012 Sep 10. PMID: 22614889
• Valcour V, Chalermchai T, Sailasuta N, Marovich M, Lerdlum S, Suttichom D, Suwanwela NC, Jagodzinski L, Michael N, Spudich S, van Griensven F, de Souza M, Kim J, Ananworanich J, RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group.: Central nervous system viral invasion and inflammation during acute HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2012 Jul 15; 2012 May 2. PMID: 22551810
• Spudich S, González-Scarano F: HIV-1-related central nervous system disease: current issues in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Jun. PMID: 22675662
• Spudich SS, Ances BM: Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Top Antivir Med. 2012 Jun-Jul. PMID: 22710906
• Angel TE, Jacobs JM, Spudich SS, Gritsenko MA, Fuchs D, Liegler T, Zetterberg H, Camp DG 2nd, Price RW, Smith RD: The cerebrospinal fluid proteome in HIV infection: change associated with disease severity. Clin Proteomics. 2012 Mar 20; 2012 Mar 20. PMID: 22433316
• Sailasuta N, Ross W, Ananworanich J, Chalermchai T, DeGruttola V, Lerdlum S, Pothisri M, Busovaca E, Ratto-Kim S, Jagodzinski L, Spudich S, Michael N, Kim JH, Valcour V, RV254/SEARCH 010 protocol teams.: Change in brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy after treatment during acute HIV infection. PLoS One. 2012; 2012 Nov 16. PMID: 23229129
• Dahl V, Lee E, Peterson J, Spudich SS, Leppla I, Sinclair E, Fuchs D, Palmer S, Price RW: Raltegravir treatment intensification does not alter cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection or immunoactivation in subjects on suppressive therapy. J Infect Dis. 2011 Dec 15; 2011 Oct 21. PMID: 22021620
• Schnell G, Joseph S, Spudich S, Price RW, Swanstrom R: HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system occurs in two distinct cell types. PLoS Pathog. 2011 Oct; 2011 Oct 6. PMID: 22007152
• Spudich S, Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Lee E, Liegler T, Brew B, Fuchs D, Tambussi G, Cinque P, Hecht FM, Price RW: Central nervous system immune activation characterizes primary human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection even in participants with minimal cerebrospinal fluid viral burden. J Infect Dis. 2011 Sep 1. PMID: 21844301
• Ho EL, Spudich SS, Lee E, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW: Minocycline fails to modulate cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection or immune activation in chronic untreated HIV-1 infection: results of a pilot study. AIDS Res Ther. 2011 May 12; 2011 May 12. PMID: 21569420
• Spudich SS, Ances BM: Central nervous system complications of HIV infection. Top Antivir Med. 2011 May-Jun. PMID: 21868822
• Edén A, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Nilsson S, Spudich S, Svennerholm B, Price RW, Gisslén M: HIV-1 viral escape in cerebrospinal fluid of subjects on suppressive antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dis. 2010 Dec 15; 2010 Nov 4. PMID: 21050119
• Hagberg L, Cinque P, Gisslen M, Brew BJ, Spudich S, Bestetti A, Price RW, Fuchs D: Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin: an informative biomarker of central nervous system immune activation in HIV-1 infection. AIDS Res Ther. 2010 Jun 3; 2010 Jun 3. PMID: 20525234
• Probasco JC, Deeks SG, Lee E, Hoh R, Hunt PW, Liegler T, Price RW, Spudich SS: Cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 systemic viral controllers: absence of HIV-1 RNA and intrathecal inflammation. AIDS. 2010 Apr 24. PMID: 20299968
• Schnell G, Price RW, Swanstrom R, Spudich S: Compartmentalization and clonal amplification of HIV-1 variants in the cerebrospinal fluid during primary infection. J Virol. 2010 Mar; 2009 Dec 16. PMID: 20015984
• Gisslén M, Krut J, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Cinque P, Brew BJ, Spudich S, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Price RW, Zetterberg H: Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection. BMC Neurol. 2009 Dec 22; 2009 Dec 22. PMID: 20028512
• Yilmaz A, Gisslén M, Spudich S, Lee E, Jayewardene A, Aweeka F, Price RW: Raltegravir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in HIV-1 infection. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 1; 2009 Sep 1. PMID: 19721718
• Schnell G, Spudich S, Harrington P, Price RW, Swanstrom R: Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originates from long-lived cells in some subjects with HIV-1-associated dementia. PLoS Pathog. 2009 Apr; 2009 Apr 24. PMID: 19390619
• Probasco JC, Spudich SS, Critchfield J, Lee E, Lollo N, Deeks SG, Price RW: Failure of atorvastatin to modulate CSF HIV-1 infection: results of a pilot study. Neurology. 2008 Aug 12. PMID: 18695163
• Price RW, Spudich S: Antiretroviral therapy and central nervous system HIV type 1 infection. J Infect Dis. 2008 May 15. PMID: 18447615
• Sinclair E, Ronquillo R, Lollo N, Deeks SG, Hunt P, Yiannoutsos CT, Spudich S, Price RW: Antiretroviral treatment effect on immune activation reduces cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Apr 15. PMID: 18362693
• Yilmaz A, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M: Persistent intrathecal immune activation in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Feb 1. PMID: 17971711
• Price RW, Parham R, Kroll JL, Wring SA, Baker B, Sailstad J, Hoh R, Liegler T, Spudich S, Kuritzkes DR, Deeks SG: Enfuvirtide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics and potential use in defining CSF HIV-1 origin. Antivir Ther. 2008. PMID: 18572749
• Edén A, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M: Immune activation of the central nervous system is still present after >4 years of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2007 Dec 15. PMID: 18190258
• Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Brew BJ, Cinque P, Spudich S, Price RW: Defining and evaluating HIV-related neurodegenerative disease and its treatment targets: a combinatorial approach to use of cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2007 Mar; 2006 Sep 12. PMID: 18040834
• Spudich S, Lollo N, Liegler T, Deeks SG, Price RW: Treatment benefit on cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 levels in the setting of systemic virological suppression and failure. J Infect Dis. 2006 Dec 15; 2006 Nov 3. PMID: 17109340
• Hunt PW, Harrigan PR, Huang W, Bates M, Williamson DW, McCune JM, Price RW, Spudich SS, Lampiris H, Hoh R, Leigler T, Martin JN, Deeks SG: Prevalence of CXCR4 tropism among antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients with detectable viremia. J Infect Dis. 2006 Oct 1; 2006 Aug 29. PMID: 16960780
• Spudich SS, Nilsson AC, Lollo ND, Liegler TJ, Petropoulos CJ, Deeks SG, Paxinos EE, Price RW: Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment. BMC Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 2; 2005 Nov 2. PMID: 16266436
• Spudich SS, Huang W, Nilsson AC, Petropoulos CJ, Liegler TJ, Whitcomb JM, Price RW: HIV-1 chemokine coreceptor utilization in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples: a survey of subjects with viremia. J Infect Dis. 2005 Mar 15; 2005 Feb 9. PMID: 15717264
• Fatkin D, MacRae C, Sasaki T, Wolff MR, Porcu M, Frenneaux M, Atherton J, Vidaillet HJ Jr, Spudich S, De Girolami U, Seidman JG, Seidman C, Muntoni F, Müehle G, Johnson W, McDonough B: Missense mutations in the rod domain of the lamin A/C gene as causes of dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction-system disease. N Engl J Med. 1999 Dec 2. PMID: 10580070
• Spudich S, Mastrianni JA, Wrensch M, Gabizon R, Meiner Z, Kahana I, Rosenmann H, Kahana E, Prusiner SB: Complete penetrance of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Libyan Jews carrying the E200K mutation in the prion protein gene. Mol Med. 1995 Sep. PMID: 8529127

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