2006
HIV prevalence, sociodemographic, and behavioral correlates and recruitment methods among injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Shaboltas AV, Toussova OV, Hoffman IF, Heimer R, Verevochkin SV, Ryder RW, Khoshnood K, Perdue T, Masse BR, Kozlov AP. HIV prevalence, sociodemographic, and behavioral correlates and recruitment methods among injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2006, 41: 657-63. PMID: 16652041, DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000220166.56866.22.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHigh-risk injection drug usersHIV prevalenceDrug usersActive injection drug usersBaseline HIV prevalenceHIV-1 prevalencePrevalent HIV infectionHIV-1 infectionHIV-positive individualsRecruitment methodsChain referralHIV infectionMedian ageHIV statusHIV-1Street outreachPrevalenceDemographic characteristicsPrevious monthRecruitment periodReferralInfectionBehavioral correlatesBehavioral variables
2004
Writing About Risk: Use of Daily Diaries in Understanding Drug-User Risk Behaviors
Stopka TJ, Springer KW, Khoshnood K, Shaw S, Singer M. Writing About Risk: Use of Daily Diaries in Understanding Drug-User Risk Behaviors. AIDS And Behavior 2004, 8: 73-85. PMID: 15146135, DOI: 10.1023/b:aibe.0000017527.25533.f4.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2002
Effects of increasing syringe availability on syringe-exchange use and HIV risk: Connecticut, 1990–2001
Heimer R, Clair S, Teng W, Grau LE, Khoshnood K, Singer M. Effects of increasing syringe availability on syringe-exchange use and HIV risk: Connecticut, 1990–2001. Journal Of Urban Health 2002, 79: 556-570. PMID: 12468675, PMCID: PMC3456719, DOI: 10.1093/jurban/79.4.556.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSyringe exchange programsClean syringesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalenceHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissionSyringe exchange useSyringe trackingHIV riskSyringe availabilityNumber of syringesVirus prevalenceVirus transmissionSyringesVisitsRiskNew HavenEffect of legislationPrevalence
2000
The social geography of AIDS and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile-syringe access among injection drug users.
Singer M, Stopka T, Siano C, Springer K, Barton G, Khoshnood K, Gorry de Puga A, Heimer R. The social geography of AIDS and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile-syringe access among injection drug users. American Journal Of Public Health 2000, 90: 1049-56. PMID: 10897181, PMCID: PMC1446282, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.90.7.1049.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSterile syringe accessDrug use sitesIndividual-level characteristicsSocial geographyEthnographic descriptionSocial mapTarget neighborhoodsSocial contextQualitative approachNortheastern cityNeighborhood differencesQualitative methodsFocus groupsSocial factorsSyringe accessSurvey approachDrug usersSyringe acquisitionAccessInjection drug usersGeographyFull understandingInterviewsDrug useCity