2024
Acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) and International Club of Ascites (ICA) joint multidisciplinary consensus meeting
Nadim M, Kellum J, Forni L, Francoz C, Asrani S, Ostermann M, Allegretti A, Neyra J, Olson J, Piano S, VanWagner L, Verna E, Akcan-Arikan A, Angeli P, Belcher J, Biggins S, Deep A, Garcia-Tsao G, Genyk Y, Gines P, Kamath P, Kane-Gill S, Kaushik M, Lumlertgul N, Macedo E, Maiwall R, Marciano S, Pichler R, Ronco C, Tandon P, Velez J, Mehta R, Durand F. Acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) and International Club of Ascites (ICA) joint multidisciplinary consensus meeting. Journal Of Hepatology 2024, 81: 163-183. PMID: 38527522, PMCID: PMC11193657, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.03.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute Disease Quality InitiativeInternational Club of AscitesAcute kidney injuryHRS-AKIQuality InitiativeHepatorenal syndromePost-discharge follow-upKidney injuryMultidisciplinary consensus meetingRisk of progression to chronic kidney diseaseProgression to chronic kidney diseasePhenotypes of acute kidney injuryFollow-up of patientsBridge to liver transplantationIncreased in-hospital morbidityIn-hospital morbidityPost-discharge follow-up of patientsChronic kidney diseaseMortality riskConsensus meetingInternational ClubCurative optionSplanchnic vasoconstrictorsAdvanced cirrhosisLiver transplantationP-19 CHARACTERIZATION, PROGNOSTIC FACTORS, AND SURVIVAL IN MODERATE ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS: A MULTICENTER STUDY
Idalsoaga F, Díaz L, Corsi O, Ayares G, Arnold J, Dunn W, Li Y, Singal A, Simonetto D, Ayala-Valverde M, Ramirez C, Morales-Arraez D, Zhang W, Qian S, Ahn J, Buryska S, Mehta H, Waleed M, Stefanescu H, Horhat A, Bumbu A, Attar B, Agrawal R, Cabezas J, Cuyàs B, Poca M, Pastor G, Sarin S, Maiwall R, Jalal P, La Tijera M, Kulkarni A, Rao N, Salazar P, Skladaný L, Bystrianska N, Prado V, Clemente-Sanchez A, Rincón D, Haider T, Chacko K, Romero G, Pollarsky F, Restrepo J, Toro L, Yaquich P, Mendizabal M, Garrido M, Marciano S, Dirchwolf M, Vargas V, Jimenez C, García-Tsao G, Ortiz G, Abraldes J, Kamath P, Shah V, Bataller R, Arab J. P-19 CHARACTERIZATION, PROGNOSTIC FACTORS, AND SURVIVAL IN MODERATE ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS: A MULTICENTER STUDY. Annals Of Hepatology 2024, 29: 101206. DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101206.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRenal replacement therapyVariables associated with mortalityModerate AHAlcohol-associated hepatitisPrognostic factorsLiver transplantationMaddrey's discriminant functionAssociated with high mortalityMultiple organ failureRetrospective cohort studyMultivariate-adjusted modelsShort-term mortalityAssociated with mortalityCompeting-risks modelMedian ageCause of deathReplacement therapyMulticenter studyMELD scoreOrgan failureUnivariate analysisCohort studyFrequent causeSevere entitySurvival rateP- 40 PENTOXIFYLLINE USE IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS ADMITTED WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY COULD DECREASE SURVIVAL: A GLOBAL STUDY
Idalsoaga F, Diaz L, Corsi O, Ayares G, Arnold J, Dunn W, Li Y, Singal A, Simonetto D, Ayala-Valverde M, Ramirez C, Morales-Arraez D, Zhang W, Qian S, Ahn J, Buryska S, Mehta H, Waleed M, Stefanescu H, Horhat A, Bumbu A, Agrawal B, Agrawal R, Cabezas J, Cuyàs B, Poca M, Pastor G, Sarin S, Maiwall R, Jalal P, La Tijera M, Kulkarni A, Rao N, Salazar P, Skladaný L, Bystrianska N, Prado V, Clemente-Sanchez A, Rincón D, Haider T, Chacko K, Romero G, Pollarsky F, Restrepo J, Toro L, Yaquich P, Mendizabal M, Garrido M, Marciano S, Dirchwolf M, Vargas V, Jimenez C, García-Tsao G, Ortiz G, Abraldes J, Kamath P, Shah V, Bataller R, Arab J. P- 40 PENTOXIFYLLINE USE IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS ADMITTED WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY COULD DECREASE SURVIVAL: A GLOBAL STUDY. Annals Of Hepatology 2024, 29: 101227. DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101227.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAlcohol-associated hepatitisAcute kidney injurySevere AHPentoxifylline useLiver transplantationKidney injuryMaddrey's discriminant functionAssociated with increased mortalityHistory of cirrhosisSubgroup of patientsRetrospective cohort studyMultivariate-adjusted modelsEffect of pentoxifyllineAssociated with mortalityCompeting-risks modelMedian ageSerum creatinineMELD scoreUnivariate analysisCohort studyFemale sexPentoxifyllineDecreased survivalSevere entityPatients
2023
Liver Transplantation for Mahvash Disease, an Inborn Error of Metabolism
Mistry P, Garcia-Tsao G. Liver Transplantation for Mahvash Disease, an Inborn Error of Metabolism. New England Journal Of Medicine 2023, 389: 2010-2013. PMID: 37991861, DOI: 10.1056/nejme2310332.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMELD 3.0 adequately predicts mortality and renal replacement therapy requirements in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis
Díaz L, Fuentes-López E, Ayares G, Idalsoaga F, Arnold J, Valverde M, Perez D, Gómez J, Escarate R, Villalón A, Ramírez C, Hernandez-Tejero M, Zhang W, Qian S, Simonetto D, Ahn J, Buryska S, Dunn W, Mehta H, Agrawal R, Cabezas J, García-Carrera I, Cuyàs B, Poca M, Soriano G, Sarin S, Maiwall R, Jalal P, Abdulsada S, Higuera-de-la-Tijera F, Kulkarni A, Rao P, Salazar P, Skladaný L, Bystrianska N, Clemente-Sanchez A, Villaseca-Gómez C, Haider T, Chacko K, Romero G, Pollarsky F, Restrepo J, Castro-Sanchez S, Toro L, Yaquich P, Mendizabal M, Garrido M, Marciano S, Dirchwolf M, Vargas V, Jiménez C, Louvet A, García-Tsao G, Roblero J, Abraldes J, Shah V, Kamath P, Arrese M, Singal A, Bataller R, Arab J. MELD 3.0 adequately predicts mortality and renal replacement therapy requirements in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis. JHEP Reports 2023, 5: 100727. PMID: 37456675, PMCID: PMC10339256, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100727.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRenal replacement therapy requirementAlcohol-associated hepatitisMaddrey's discriminant functionShort-term mortalityFurther prospective studiesMELD-NaTherapy requirementsProspective studyEnd-stage liver diseaseHigh short-term mortalityGlobal cohortRetrospective cohort studyCompeting-risk analysisTime-dependent AUCMELD-sodiumLiver transplantationMalnourished patientsCohort studyEstablishment of treatmentLiver diseaseABIC scoreLargest global cohortMAIN OUTCOMEMortality predictionDeLong method
2019
Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding Management
Zanetto A, Garcia-Tsao G. Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding Management. 2019, 39-66. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24490-3_4.Peer-Reviewed Educational MaterialsGastroesophageal variceal bleedingVariceal bleedingLast decades survivalGeneral medical careMost recent seriesDecades survivalDecompensated patientsLiver transplantationBleeding managementDecompensated stageEffective treatmentClinical practiceMedical careMajor causeMultidisciplinary approachCirrhosisBleedingPatientsMortalityDeathRecent seriesHepatologistsTransplantationCareOutcomes After Listing for Liver Transplant in Patients With Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure: The Multicenter North American Consortium for the Study of End‐Stage Liver Disease Experience
O’Leary J, Bajaj JS, Tandon P, Biggins SW, Wong F, Kamath PS, Garcia‐Tsao G, Maliakkal B, Lai J, Fallon M, Vargas HE, Thuluvath P, Subramanian R, Thacker LR, Reddy K. Outcomes After Listing for Liver Transplant in Patients With Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure: The Multicenter North American Consortium for the Study of End‐Stage Liver Disease Experience. Liver Transplantation 2019, 25: 571-579. PMID: 30724010, PMCID: PMC11075742, DOI: 10.1002/lt.25426.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAcute-On-Chronic Liver FailureAdultDisease ProgressionEnd Stage Liver DiseaseFemaleHospital MortalityHospitalizationHumansLiver CirrhosisLiver TransplantationMaleMiddle AgedNorth AmericaProspective StudiesRenal DialysisSeverity of Illness IndexSurvival RateTime-to-TreatmentWaiting ListsConceptsChronic liver failureLiver transplantationNorth American ConsortiumLiver failureEnd-stage liver disease (MELD) scoreEnd-stage liver diseaseAmerican ConsortiumExtrahepatic organ failureAcute kidney injuryLiver Disease scoreOutcomes of patientsPost-LT survivalPerioperative dialysisRenal recoveryKidney injuryLiver transplantOrgan failureLiver diseaseMedian timeMedian MELDACLFSimilar survivalDisease experienceDisease scorePatients
2016
AISF position paper on liver transplantation and pregnancy Women in Hepatology Group, Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF)
Alisi A, Balsano C, Bernabucci V, Berzigotti A, Brunetto M, Bugianesi E, Burra P, Calvaruso V, Cariani E, Coco B, Colle I, Critelli R, De Martin E, Del Buono M, Fabregat I, Faillaci F, Fattovich G, Floreani A, Garcia-Tsao G, Housset C, Karampatou A, Lei B, Mangia A, Martinez-Chantar M, Milosa F, Morisco F, Nasta P, Ozben T, Pollicino T, Ponti M, Pontisso P, Reeves H, Rendina M, Rodríguez-Castro K, Sagnelli C, Sebastiani G, Smedile A, Taliani G, Vandelli C, Vanni E, Villa E, Vukotic R, Zignego A, Burra P, Rodríguez-Castro K, Guarino M, Morisco F, Villa E, Mazzella G. AISF position paper on liver transplantation and pregnancy Women in Hepatology Group, Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF). Digestive And Liver Disease 2016, 48: 860-868. PMID: 27267817, DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.04.009.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsLiver transplant recipientsTransplant recipientsLiver transplantationReproductive ageFemale liver transplant recipientsHypertension/preeclampsiaFoetal growth restrictionFirst successful pregnancyLive birth rateManagement of pregnancyIssue of pregnancyGestational diabetesLiver transplantPreterm deliveryPregnancy outcomesTransplant hepatologistsPediatric patientsSuch patientsPregnancy womenSuccessful pregnancyIncreased incidenceItalian recommendationsSexual functionGrowth restrictionHigh-risk ones
2015
High risk of delisting or death in liver transplant candidates following infections: Results from the North American consortium for the study of end‐stage liver disease
Reddy KR, O'Leary JG, Kamath PS, Fallon MB, Biggins SW, Wong F, Patton HM, Garcia‐Tsao G, Subramanian RM, Thacker LR, Bajaj JS, Disease F. High risk of delisting or death in liver transplant candidates following infections: Results from the North American consortium for the study of end‐stage liver disease. Liver Transplantation 2015, 21: 881-888. PMID: 25845966, DOI: 10.1002/lt.24139.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEnd-stage liver diseaseLiver transplantationOrgan failureNorth American ConsortiumLiver diseaseUnderwent transplantationMELD scoreMedian ageEnd-stage liver disease (MELD) scoreTertiary-care hepatology centersAmerican ConsortiumExtrahepatic organ failureMean MELD scoreLiver Disease scoreLiver transplant candidatesPatients' median ageHepatitis C virusType of infectionPrevention of infectionHepatology centersTransplant candidatesCirculatory failureC virusInfected patientsHigh risk
2012
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Garcia‐Tsao G. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. 2012, 745-750. DOI: 10.1002/9781118321386.ch100.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisBacterial peritonitisPoor liver synthetic functionShort-term antibiotic prophylaxisCompatible clinical pictureHospitalized cirrhotic patientsLiver synthetic functionPolymorphonuclear cell countAntibiotic prophylaxisDiagnostic paracentesisIntravenous antibioticsOral norfloxacinSecondary prophylaxisGastrointestinal bleedGastrointestinal hemorrhageLiver transplantationRenal dysfunctionAlbumin therapyCirrhotic patientsAcute infectionImportant complicationClinical pictureCommon infectionsActive infectionPatients
2011
Intensive care of the patient with cirrhosis
Olson JC, Wendon JA, Kramer DJ, Arroyo V, Jalan R, Garcia‐Tsao G, Kamath PS. Intensive care of the patient with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2011, 54: 1864-1872. PMID: 21898477, DOI: 10.1002/hep.24622.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultiple organ failureIntensive care unitCare unitOrgan failureLiver functionSignificant survival benefitPresence of infectionFurther deteriorationQuality of lifeNumber of organsLiver support systemsAlcoholic hepatitisLiver transplantationVariceal hemorrhageAcute deteriorationCommon organLiver dysfunctionSurvival benefitViral hepatitisIll patientsIntensive careCritical carePatientsHigh mortalityTeam approachImpact of liver transplantation on the survival of patients treated for hepatorenal syndrome type 1*
Boyer TD, Sanyal AJ, Garcia‐Tsao G, Regenstein F, Rossaro L, Appenrodt B, Gülberg V, Sigal S, Bexon AS, Teuber P, Group T. Impact of liver transplantation on the survival of patients treated for hepatorenal syndrome type 1*. Liver Transplantation 2011, 17: 1328-1332. PMID: 21837734, PMCID: PMC3760727, DOI: 10.1002/lt.22395.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatorenal syndrome type 1Liver transplantationHepatorenal syndromeSyndrome type 1Nontransplant patientsTransplant patientsSurvival benefitSurvival rateType 1Pretransplant renal functionUse of terlipressinClear survival benefitCohort of patientsSurvival of patientsHRS reversalPosttransplant managementLiver transplantPosttransplant survivalMost patientsPosttransplant outcomesRenal functionPoor prognosisTerlipressinPatientsTransplantationAscites
Garcia‐Tsao G. Ascites. 2011, 210-233. DOI: 10.1002/9781444341294.ch10.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsHepatorenal syndromeBacterial infectionsBaseline renal dysfunctionPeripheral arterial vasodilatationAcute kidney injurySecond-line treatmentMainstay of treatmentSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisSympathetic nervous systemEffective blood volumeSpontaneous bacterial infectionsCommon bacterial infectionsSigns of infectionLong-term safetyDiagnostic paracentesisIntravenous albuminPrerenal typeSinusoidal hypertensionAldosterone systemArterial vasodilatationKidney injuryLiver transplantationRefractory ascitesRenal dysfunctionSodium restriction
2010
Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis
Salerno F, Guevara M, Bernardi M, Moreau R, Wong F, Angeli P, Garcia‐Tsao G, Lee SS. Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis. Liver International 2010, 30: 937-947. PMID: 20492521, DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02272.x.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsCirrhotic patientsHepatorenal syndrome type 2Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntEpisode of ascitesChronic renal insufficiencyLow sodium dietStandard medical treatmentIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntOccurrence of refractorinessCentral hypovolaemiaVasoconstrictor systemsArterial hypotensionDiuretic dosesLiver transplantationPortal hypertensionRefractory ascitesRenal insufficiencySodium dietSystemic haemodynamicsFrequent complicationSevere complicationsSerious complicationsSuch patientsPortosystemic shuntRenal sodium
2008
Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis
Garcia‐Tsao G, Parikh CR, Viola A. Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2008, 48: 2064-2077. PMID: 19003880, DOI: 10.1002/hep.22605.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryAcute renal failureHepatorenal syndromeKidney injurySerum creatinineSpecific therapyEffective arterial blood volumeUseful bridging therapyAcute tubular necrosisRenal blood flowSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisArterial blood volumeBridging therapyLiver transplantationPrerenal azotemiaRenal dysfunctionRenal failureTubular necrosisBacterial peritonitisVasodilatory stateRelative hypovolemiaVolume repletionCommon causeCirrhosisBlood flowHepatic Vascular Malformations in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Khalid S, Garcia-Tsao G. Hepatic Vascular Malformations in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Seminars In Liver Disease 2008, 28: 247-258. PMID: 18814078, DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1085093.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasiaHepatic arteryVascular malformationsHepatic veinPortal veinHemorrhagic telangiectasiaHigh-output cardiac failureAbnormal vascular communicationAggressive medical therapyHepatic vascular malformationsPredominant clinical presentationCommon hepatic arteryNodular regenerative hyperplasiaIntensive medical treatmentFocal nodular hyperplasiaAutosomal dominant vascular disorderAbdominal anginaBiliary ischemiaLiver transplantationPortal hypertensionRegenerative hyperplasiaSymptomatic patientsCommon presentationMedical therapyCardiac failure
2007
Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Predicts Clinical Decompensation in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis
Ripoll C, Groszmann R, Garcia–Tsao G, Grace N, Burroughs A, Planas R, Escorsell A, Garcia–Pagan J, Makuch R, Patch D, Matloff DS, Bosch J, Group P. Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Predicts Clinical Decompensation in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2007, 133: 481-488. PMID: 17681169, DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAscitesEsophageal and Gastric VaricesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGastrointestinal HemorrhageHepatic EncephalopathyHumansHypertension, PortalKaplan-Meier EstimateLiver CirrhosisMaleMiddle AgedPortal PressurePredictive Value of TestsPrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsROC CurveSensitivity and SpecificitySeverity of Illness IndexTime FactorsConceptsHepatic venous pressure gradientVenous pressure gradientClinical decompensationPortal hypertensionMedian hepatic venous pressure gradientEnd-stage liver diseaseDiagnostic capacityBaseline laboratory testsPredictors of decompensationChild-Pugh scoreDevelopment of varicesMedical record reviewEnd of studyMedian followCompensated cirrhosisLiver transplantationLiver diseaseRecord reviewStudy terminationDecompensationPatientsCirrhosisMultivariate analysisVaricesHypertension
2005
Methotrexate (MTX) plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis
Combes B, Emerson SS, Flye NL, Munoz SJ, Luketic VA, Mayo MJ, McCashland TM, Zetterman RK, Peters MG, Di Bisceglie AM, Benner KG, Kowdley KV, Carithers RL, Rosoff L, Garcia‐Tsao G, Boyer JL, Boyer TD, Martinez EJ, Bass NM, Lake JR, Barnes DS, Bonacini M, Lindsay KL, Mills AS, Markin RS, Rubin R, West AB, Wheeler DE, Contos MJ, Hofmann AF. Methotrexate (MTX) plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005, 42: 1184-1193. PMID: 16250039, DOI: 10.1002/hep.20897.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary biliary cirrhosisUrsodeoxycholic acidVariceal bleedingBiliary cirrhosisTreatment failureSerum bilirubinHistological stagingCourse of PBCM2 body surface areaData Safety Monitoring BoardAMA-positive patientsReasons of futilityFailure of treatmentDevelopment of ascitesBody surface areaSafety monitoring boardEffect of methotrexateLiver transplantationPositive patientsMulticenter trialMedian periodMedian timeHistological progressionMonitoring boardDrug toxicity
2003
The management of ascites in cirrhosis: Report on the consensus conference of the international Ascites club
Moore K, Wong F, Gines P, Bernardi M, Ochs A, Salerno F, Angeli P, Porayko M, Moreau R, Garcia‐Tsao G, Jimenez W, Planas R, Arroyo V. The management of ascites in cirrhosis: Report on the consensus conference of the international Ascites club. Hepatology 2003, 38: 258-266. PMID: 12830009, DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50315.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shuntInternational Ascites ClubDiuretic therapyRefractory ascitesColloid volume expansionModest salt restrictionLarge-volume paracentesisManagement of ascitesDevelopment of ascitesHepatic decompensationModerate ascitesGross ascitesLiver transplantationRenal dysfunctionSalt restrictionSodium excretionSodium restrictionTherapeutic paracentesisRenal functionSurvival benefitCommon complicationLiver diseasePancreatic ascitesAscitic patientsTIPS placement
2002
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis
Ginès P, Uriz J, Calahorra B, Garcia–Tsao G, Kamath PS, Del Arbol LR, Planas R, Bosch J, Arroyo V, Rodés J, Cirrhosis F. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2002, 123: 1839-1847. PMID: 12454841, DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.37073.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAscitesBacterial InfectionsFemaleGastrointestinal HemorrhageHepatic EncephalopathyHormonesHumansInjections, IntravenousKidneyLiverLiver CirrhosisMaleMiddle AgedParacentesisPeritonitisPortasystemic Shunt, Transjugular IntrahepaticRetreatmentSerum AlbuminSeverity of Illness IndexSurvival AnalysisConceptsTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntRefractory ascitesParacentesis groupLiver transplantationHepatorenal syndromeTIPS groupTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntingBlood urea nitrogen levelsChild-Pugh scoreComplications of cirrhosisIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntRecurrence of ascitesSevere hepatic encephalopathyUrea nitrogen levelsIntravenous albuminPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsHepatic encephalopathyPortosystemic shuntingPortosystemic shuntAscites recurrenceParacentesisHealthcare costsAscitesProbability of survival