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Kevin Billingsley

MD, MBA, FACS

Professor of Surgery (Oncology); Chief Medical Officer, Yale Cancer Center

Research & Publications
Biography
News

Research Summary

Dr. Billingsley's research has focused on optimizing the clinical care of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. He has served as the surgical investigator in numerous clinical trials. His research portfolio also includes health services and outcomes studies that address a variety of problems faced by GI cancer patients . These studies include work around health care disparities in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer as well as a number of investigations in quality of care and the relationship between volume and outcome in complex GI surgical oncology. In more recent years, he has focused on optimizing the technical approaches to liver surgery and the perioperative care of liver surgery patients. Dr. Billingsley's research team clarified the relationship between liver surgery and postoperative blood clotting physiology to diminish the use of unnecessary postoperative transfusion of blood products.

Coauthors

Selected Publications

Impact of COVID-19 on the gastrointestinal surgical oncology patient populationBakkila B, Marks V, Kerekes D, Kunstman J, Salem R, Billingsley K, Ahuja N, Laurans M, Olino K, Khan S. Impact of COVID-19 on the gastrointestinal surgical oncology patient population. Heliyon 2023, 9: e18459. PMID: 37534012, PMCID: PMC10391949, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18459.
Phase 2 study of preoperative chemotherapy with nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine followed by chemoradiation for borderline resectable or node‐positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaChen E, Kardosh A, Nabavizadeh N, Foster B, Mayo S, Billingsley K, Gilbert E, Lanciault C, Grossberg A, Bensch K, Maynard E, Anderson E, Sheppard B, Thomas C, Lopez C, Vaccaro G, Group O. Phase 2 study of preoperative chemotherapy with nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine followed by chemoradiation for borderline resectable or node‐positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Medicine 2023, 12: 12986-12995. PMID: 37132281, PMCID: PMC10315770, DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5971.
Hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies: time to treatment mattersKerekes D, Frey A, Bakkila B, Johnson C, Becher R, Billingsley K, Khan S. Hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies: time to treatment matters. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023, 0: 0-0. PMID: 37201090, PMCID: PMC10186552, DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-1067.
Outcomes on an inpatient oncology service after the introduction of hospitalist comanagementMorris J, Rothberg B, Prsic E, Parker N, Weber U, Gombos E, Kottarathara M, Billingsley K, Adelson K. Outcomes on an inpatient oncology service after the introduction of hospitalist comanagement. Journal Of Hospital Medicine 2023, 18: 391-397. PMID: 36891947, DOI: 10.1002/jhm.13071.
Hepatectomy is associated with improved oncologic outcomes in recurrent colorectal liver metastases: A propensity-matched analysisSutton T, Wong L, Walker B, Dewey E, Eil R, Lopez C, Kardosh A, Chen E, Rocha F, Billingsley K, Mayo S. Hepatectomy is associated with improved oncologic outcomes in recurrent colorectal liver metastases: A propensity-matched analysis. Surgery 2022, 173: 1314-1321. PMID: 36435651, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.10.019.
Hepatic Metastases in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Oncologic Outcomes with Curative-Intent Hepatectomy, Resection of Treatment-Resistant Disease, and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy AloneSutton T, Walker B, Billingsley K, Sheppard B, Corless C, Heinrich M, Mayo S. Hepatic Metastases in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Oncologic Outcomes with Curative-Intent Hepatectomy, Resection of Treatment-Resistant Disease, and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy Alone. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2022, 24: s90-s91. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.05.170.
Abstract 898: Survival for patients with early-onset colorectal cancer - An overall survival analysis from the National Cancer Database, 2004-2015Cheng E, Blackburn H, Ng K, Spiegelman D, Irwin M, Ma X, Gross C, Tabung F, Giovannucci E, Kunz P, Llor X, Billingsley K, Meyerhardt J, Ahuja N, Fuchs C. Abstract 898: Survival for patients with early-onset colorectal cancer - An overall survival analysis from the National Cancer Database, 2004-2015. Cancer Research 2021, 81: 898-898. DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-898.
ASO Visual Abstract: The Disease-Free Interval is Associated with Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal TumorSutton T, Walker B, Billingsley K, Sheppard B, Corless C, Heinrich M, Mayo S. ASO Visual Abstract: The Disease-Free Interval is Associated with Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Annals Of Surgical Oncology 2021, 28: 426-427. DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10107-w.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy Does Not Increase Early and Late Post-operative Complication Rates Following Definitive Resection for Pancreatic Ductal AdenocarcinomaDeig C, Stratton A, Trone K, Beneville B, Liu A, Kanwar A, Bassale S, Chen Y, Grossblatt-Wait A, Attia F, Sheppard B, Keith D, Chen E, Lopez C, Billingsley K, Gilbert E, Nabavizadeh N, Thomas C, Grossberg A. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy Does Not Increase Early and Late Post-operative Complication Rates Following Definitive Resection for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2020, 108: e606-e607. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1845.
Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer Patients Have Superior Survival Following Neoadjuvant Therapy Compared to Upfront Resectable PatientsDeig C, Trone K, Beneville B, Stratton A, Liu A, Kanwar A, Grossblatt-Wait A, Sheppard B, Attia F, Bassale S, Chen Y, Keith D, Chen E, Lopez C, Gilbert E, Billingsley K, Nabavizadeh N, Thomas C, Grossberg A. Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer Patients Have Superior Survival Following Neoadjuvant Therapy Compared to Upfront Resectable Patients. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2020, 108: e581-e582. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1786.
Pandemic Recovery Using a COVID-Minimal Cancer Surgery PathwayBoffa DJ, Judson BL, Billingsley KG, Galetta D, Fontanez P, Odermatt C, Lindner K, Mitchell MR, Henderson CM, Carafeno T, Pinto J, Wagner J, Ancuta M, Beley P, Turner AL, Banack T, Laurans MS, Johnson DC, Yoo P, Morton JM, Zurich H, Davis K, Ahuja N. Pandemic Recovery Using a COVID-Minimal Cancer Surgery Pathway. The Annals Of Thoracic Surgery 2020, 110: 718-724. PMID: 32417195, PMCID: PMC7227551, DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.003.
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma Comparing Child–Pugh A Versus B7 Patients: Are the Outcomes Equivalent?Zu Q, Schenning RC, Jahangiri Y, Tomozawa Y, Kolbeck KJ, Kaufman JA, Al-Hakim R, Naugler WE, Nabavizadeh N, Kardosh A, Billingsley KG, Mayo SC, Orloff SL, Enestvedt KK, Maynard E, Ahn J, Lhewa D, Farsad K. Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma Comparing Child–Pugh A Versus B7 Patients: Are the Outcomes Equivalent? CardioVascular And Interventional Radiology 2020, 43: 721-731. PMID: 32140840, DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02434-4.
Effect of Time to Surgery of Colorectal Liver Metastases on SurvivalChen EY, Mayo SC, Sutton T, Kearney MR, Kardosh A, Vaccaro GM, Billingsley KG, Lopez CD. Effect of Time to Surgery of Colorectal Liver Metastases on Survival. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Cancer 2020, 52: 169-176. PMID: 32086781, PMCID: PMC7900034, DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00372-5.
Perioperative complication rates following neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Deig C, Beneville B, Liu A, Kanwar A, Grossblatt-Wait A, Sheppard B, Gilbert E, Lopez C, Billingsley K, Nabavizadeh N, Thomas C, Grossberg A. Perioperative complication rates following neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2020, 38: 688-688. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.688.
Phase II study of preoperative chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine followed by chemoradiation for borderline resectable or node-positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Chen E, Tormoen G, Kardosh A, Nabavizadeh N, Foster B, Mayo S, Billingsley K, Gilbert E, Lanciault C, Grossberg A, Bensch K, Maynard E, Anderson E, Sheppard B, Thomas C, Lopez C, Vaccaro G. Phase II study of preoperative chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine followed by chemoradiation for borderline resectable or node-positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2020, 38: 697-697. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.697.
Hepatic arterial infusion pump chemotherapy combined with systemic therapy for patients with advanced colorectal liver metastases: Outcomes in a newly established programWalker B, Billingsley K, Sutton T, Zarour L, Kolbeck K, Korngold E, Chen E, Kardosh A, Herzig D, Tsikitis V, Nabavizadeh N, Dewey E, Lopez C, Mayo S. Hepatic arterial infusion pump chemotherapy combined with systemic therapy for patients with advanced colorectal liver metastases: Outcomes in a newly established program. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2020, 22: s123-s124. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.04.630.
Detection Of Tumor Multifocality In Resectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Defining The Optimal Pre-Operative Imaging ModalitySutton T, Billingsley K, Walker B, Fung A, Maynard E, Enestvedt K, Dewey E, Brinkerhoff B, Lopez C, Orloff S, Mayo S. Detection Of Tumor Multifocality In Resectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Defining The Optimal Pre-Operative Imaging Modality. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2020, 22: s45-s46. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.04.861.
Safety and Feasibility of Hepatic Artery Infusion Pump Chemotherapy for Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort StudyMuaddi H, Fields R, Aucejo F, Billingsley K, Walker B, D'Angelica M, Latchana N, Roke R, Ko Y, Williams G, Acevedo-Moreno L, Mayo S, Karanicolas P. Safety and Feasibility of Hepatic Artery Infusion Pump Chemotherapy for Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2019, 229: s184. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.406.
Short-term mortality and perioperative complications in a bigger America: the effect of bmi on outcomes after hepatectomyPasko J, Dewey E, Wancata L, Billingsley K, Orloff S, Mayo S, Maynard E, Enestvedt C. Short-term mortality and perioperative complications in a bigger America: the effect of bmi on outcomes after hepatectomy. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2019, 21: s66-s67. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.03.110.
Robotic assisted segment 7 wedge resectionWancata L, Mayo S, Billingsley K. Robotic assisted segment 7 wedge resection. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2019, 21: s96. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.03.166.
Who Undergoes Cytoreductive Surgery and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Appendiceal Cancer? An Analysis of the National Cancer DatabaseByrne RM, Gilbert EW, Dewey EN, Herzig DO, Lu KC, Billingsley KG, Deveney KE, Tsikitis VL. Who Undergoes Cytoreductive Surgery and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Appendiceal Cancer? An Analysis of the National Cancer Database. Journal Of Surgical Research 2019, 238: 198-206. PMID: 30772678, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.01.039.
Hepatic resection of solitary HCC in the elderly: A unique disease in a growing populationZarour LR, Billingsley KG, Walker BS, Enestvedt CK, Orloff SL, Maynard E, Mayo SC. Hepatic resection of solitary HCC in the elderly: A unique disease in a growing population. The American Journal Of Surgery 2019, 217: 899-905. PMID: 30819401, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.01.030.
Tailored treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion: experience from a multidisciplinary hepatobiliary tumor program within a NCI comprehensive cancer centerWalcott-Sapp S, Naugler S, Lim JY, Wagner J, Orloff SL, Farsad K, Kolbeck KJ, Kaufman J, Maynard E, Enestvedt CK, Mayo SC, Billingsley KG. Tailored treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion: experience from a multidisciplinary hepatobiliary tumor program within a NCI comprehensive cancer center. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018, 9: 1074-1083. PMID: 30603126, PMCID: PMC6286927, DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.11.
Cell fusion potentiates tumor heterogeneity and reveals circulating hybrid cells that correlate with stage and survivalGast CE, Silk AD, Zarour L, Riegler L, Burkhart JG, Gustafson KT, Parappilly MS, Roh-Johnson M, Goodman JR, Olson B, Schmidt M, Swain JR, Davies PS, Shasthri V, Iizuka S, Flynn P, Watson S, Korkola J, Courtneidge SA, Fischer JM, Jaboin J, Billingsley KG, Lopez CD, Burchard J, Gray J, Coussens LM, Sheppard BC, Wong MH. Cell fusion potentiates tumor heterogeneity and reveals circulating hybrid cells that correlate with stage and survival. Science Advances 2018, 4: eaat7828. PMID: 30214939, PMCID: PMC6135550, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat7828.
Use of circulating cancer cell hybrids to monitor treatment response to hepatic arterial infusion in patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liverZarour L, Swain J, Billingsley K, Lopez C, Vaccaro G, Nabavizadeh N, Wong M, Mayo S. Use of circulating cancer cell hybrids to monitor treatment response to hepatic arterial infusion in patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2018, 20: s352. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.06.2584.
Effect of time to resection of colorectal liver metastases on recurrence risk.Chen E, Mayo S, Billingsley K, Vaccaro G, Kearney M, Lopez C. Effect of time to resection of colorectal liver metastases on recurrence risk. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2018, 36: 3541-3541. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.3541.
The true cost of high volume whipple proceduresLopez M, Parreco J, Buicko J, Rishi R, Billingsley K, Castillo A. The true cost of high volume whipple procedures. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2018, 20: s45-s46. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.02.248.
Epirubicin and Ifosfamide with Preoperative Radiation for High-Risk Soft Tissue SarcomasLu E, Perlewitz KS, Hayden JB, Hung AY, Doung YC, Davis LE, Mansoor A, Vetto JT, Billingsley KG, Kaempf A, Park B, Ryan CW. Epirubicin and Ifosfamide with Preoperative Radiation for High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Annals Of Surgical Oncology 2018, 25: 920-927. PMID: 29388122, DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6346-4.
Preoperative optimization for major hepatic resectionWalcott-Sapp S, Billingsley KG. Preoperative optimization for major hepatic resection. Langenbeck's Archives Of Surgery 2017, 403: 23-35. PMID: 29150719, DOI: 10.1007/s00423-017-1638-x.
Cetuximab Combined With Induction Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine, Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: SWOG 0713Leichman CG, McDonough SL, Smalley SR, Billingsley KG, Lenz HJ, Beldner MA, Hezel AF, Velasco MR, Guthrie KA, Blanke CD, Hochster HS. Cetuximab Combined With Induction Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine, Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: SWOG 0713. Clinical Colorectal Cancer 2017, 17: e121-e125. PMID: 29233486, PMCID: PMC6598683, DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.10.008.
Is the intensive care unit still needed following liver surgery?Pichardo E, Johnston B, Wagner J, Billingsley K. Is the intensive care unit still needed following liver surgery? Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2017, 19: s133-s134. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.02.300.
A propensity matched survival analysis comparing treatment strategies for stage B and C hepatocellular carcinomaCastillo A, Parreco J, Naugler W, Kolbeck K, Farsad K, Orloff S, Billingsley K, Enestvedt C. A propensity matched survival analysis comparing treatment strategies for stage B and C hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2017, 19: s105-s106. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.02.156.
Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: Evolving Paradigms and Future DirectionsZarour LR, Anand S, Billingsley KG, Bisson WH, Cercek A, Clarke MF, Coussens LM, Gast CE, Geltzeiler CB, Hansen L, Kelley KA, Lopez CD, Rana SR, Ruhl R, Tsikitis VL, Vaccaro GM, Wong MH, Mayo SC. Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: Evolving Paradigms and Future Directions. Cellular And Molecular Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2017, 3: 163-173. PMID: 28275683, PMCID: PMC5331831, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.01.006.
Aggressive approach to hepatic resection and adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for metastatic gastrointestinal stroma tumors: Outcomes on survivalPichardo E, Castillo A, Heinrich M, Billingsley K. Aggressive approach to hepatic resection and adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for metastatic gastrointestinal stroma tumors: Outcomes on survival. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2016, 18: e171. DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2016.02.408.
Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival and Salvage Abdominoperineal Resection for Patients with Anal CancerTsikitis VL, Lu KC, Kim JS, Billingsley KG, Thomas CR, Herzig DO. Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival and Salvage Abdominoperineal Resection for Patients with Anal Cancer. Diseases Of The Colon & Rectum 2016, 59: 1-7. PMID: 26651105, DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000507.
S0713: A phase II study of cetuximab (CET) added to induction chemotherapy (ICT) of oxaliplatin (OX) and capecitabine (CAP), followed by neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACR) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Leichman C, McDonough S, Smalley S, Billingsley K, Lenz H, Beldner M, Hezel A, Velasco M, Guthrie K, Blanke C, Hochster H. S0713: A phase II study of cetuximab (CET) added to induction chemotherapy (ICT) of oxaliplatin (OX) and capecitabine (CAP), followed by neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACR) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2015, 33: 3516-3516. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.3516.
Malignancy does not dictate the hypercoagulable state following liver resectionGordon N, Riha G, Billingsley K, Schreiber M. Malignancy does not dictate the hypercoagulable state following liver resection. The American Journal Of Surgery 2015, 209: 870-874. PMID: 25805455, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.12.022.
Modern Technical Approaches in Resectional Hepatic SurgeryMichalski CW, Billingsley KG. Modern Technical Approaches in Resectional Hepatic Surgery. Surgical Oncology Clinics Of North America 2014, 24: 57-72. PMID: 25444469, DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2014.09.007.
Chemoradiotherapy with a Radiation Boost for Anal Cancer Decreases the Risk for Salvage Abdominoperineal Resection: Analysis From the National Cancer Data BaseGeltzeiler C, Nabavizadeh N, Kim J, Lu K, Billingsley K, Thomas C, Herzig D, Tsikitis V. Chemoradiotherapy with a Radiation Boost for Anal Cancer Decreases the Risk for Salvage Abdominoperineal Resection: Analysis From the National Cancer Data Base. Annals Of Surgical Oncology 2014, 21: 3616-3620. PMID: 24943237, DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3849-5.
The international normalized ratio overestimates coagulopathy in patients after major hepatectomyLouis S, Barton J, Riha G, Orloff S, Sheppard B, Pommier R, Underwood S, Differding J, Schreiber M, Billingsley K. The international normalized ratio overestimates coagulopathy in patients after major hepatectomy. The American Journal Of Surgery 2014, 207: 723-727. PMID: 24791634, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.12.021.
Nomogram for predicting overall and colostomy-free survival for patients with anal cancer.Tsikitis V, Lu K, Kim J, Billingsley K, Thomas C, Herzig D. Nomogram for predicting overall and colostomy-free survival for patients with anal cancer. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2014, 32: 400-400. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.400.
Safety and Outcomes Following Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases in the Era of Current Perioperative ChemotherapyGur I, Diggs B, Wagner J, Vaccaro G, Lopez C, Sheppard B, Orloff S, Billingsley K. Safety and Outcomes Following Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases in the Era of Current Perioperative Chemotherapy. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2013, 17: 2133-2142. PMID: 24091909, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2295-1.
Outcomes of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy (HFxRT) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)Fuss M, Waller J, Naugler S, Zaman A, Kolbeck K, Orloff S, Billingsley K, Chang M, Sasaki A, Kaufman J. Outcomes of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy (HFxRT) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2013, 87: s328-s329. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.865.
Outcomes of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)Waller J, Naugler W, Zaman A, Orloff S, Billingsley K, Vaccaro G, Kolbeck K, Kaufman J, Tanyi J, Fuss M. Outcomes of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2013, 87: s326-s327. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.859.
Bile duct involvement portends poor prognosis in resected gallbladder carcinoma.Eil R, Hansen P, Cassera M, Orloff S, Sheppard B, Diggs B, Billingsley K. Bile duct involvement portends poor prognosis in resected gallbladder carcinoma. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research : GCR 2013, 6: 101-5. PMID: 24147157, PMCID: PMC3782874.
Coagulopathy after a liver resection: is it over diagnosed and over treated?Barton J, Riha G, Differding J, Underwood S, Curren J, Sheppard B, Pommier R, Orloff S, Schreiber M, Billingsley K. Coagulopathy after a liver resection: is it over diagnosed and over treated? Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2013, 15: 865-871. PMID: 23458574, PMCID: PMC4503284, DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12051.
Su1539 Safety and Outcomes Following Resection of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases in the Era of FOLFOXGur I, Wagner J, Sheppard B, Orloff S, Vaccaro G, Lopez C, Diggs B, Billingsley K. Su1539 Safety and Outcomes Following Resection of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases in the Era of FOLFOX. Gastroenterology 2012, 142: s-1058. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(12)64105-5.
Loss of expression of the cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 correlates with advanced-stage colorectal cancerHessman C, Bubbers E, Billingsley K, Herzig D, Wong M. Loss of expression of the cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 correlates with advanced-stage colorectal cancer. The American Journal Of Surgery 2012, 203: 649-653. PMID: 22405917, PMCID: PMC4285581, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.01.003.
Safety and efficacy of preoperative right portal vein embolization in patients at risk for postoperative liver failure following major right hepatectomyMassimino K, Kolbeck K, Enestvedt C, Orloff S, Billingsley K. Safety and efficacy of preoperative right portal vein embolization in patients at risk for postoperative liver failure following major right hepatectomy. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2011, 14: 14-19. PMID: 22151446, PMCID: PMC3252986, DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2011.00402.x.
S0356: A Phase II Clinical and Prospective Molecular Trial With Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and External-Beam Radiation Therapy Before Surgery for Patients With Esophageal AdenocarcinomaLeichman L, Goldman B, Bohanes P, Lenz H, Thomas C, Billingsley K, Corless C, Iqbal S, Gold P, Benedetti J, Danenberg K, Blanke C. S0356: A Phase II Clinical and Prospective Molecular Trial With Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and External-Beam Radiation Therapy Before Surgery for Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2011, 29: 4555-4560. PMID: 22025151, PMCID: PMC3236655, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.36.7490.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Rationale and Preliminary Data Supporting Hypothesis-driven Prospective Clinical Trial DevelopmentFuss M, Schwartz J, Naugler W, Urquhart J, Orloff S, Billingsley K, Vaccaro G, Koslin B, Kolbeck K, Kaufman J. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Rationale and Preliminary Data Supporting Hypothesis-driven Prospective Clinical Trial Development. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2011, 81: s170. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1677.
A Nomogram for Predicting the Benefit of Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Pancreatic Ductal AdenocarcinomaBicquart C, Youssef R, Wissel A, Sheppard B, Billingsley K, Thomas C, Wang S. A Nomogram for Predicting the Benefit of Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2011, 81: s561. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.887.
Association of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) gene expression (GE) with outcome in stage II-III esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) patients treated with preoperative platinum-based chemoradiation (CRT) in a phase II cooperative group study (SWOG S0356).Bohanes P, Goldman B, Leichman L, Blanke C, Iqbal S, Thomas C, Corless C, Billingsley K, Danenberg K, Zhang W, Benedetti J, Gold P, Lenz H. Association of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) gene expression (GE) with outcome in stage II-III esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) patients treated with preoperative platinum-based chemoradiation (CRT) in a phase II cooperative group study (SWOG S0356). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2011, 29: 4023-4023. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4023.
Predicting malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: a single-center reviewCone M, Rea J, Diggs B, Douthit M, Billingsley K, Sheppard B. Predicting malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: a single-center review. The American Journal Of Surgery 2011, 201: 575-579. PMID: 21545902, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.01.003.
Safety and Efficacy of Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization in Patients at Risk for Postoperative Liver FailureMassimino K, Kolbeck K, Enestvedt C, Orloff S, Billingsley K. Safety and Efficacy of Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization in Patients at Risk for Postoperative Liver Failure. Gastroenterology 2011, 140: s-1018. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(11)64230-3.
Laparoscopic Hepatic Resection: Do Favorable Short-Term Outcomes Make It the Procedure of Choice for Lesions of the Left Hemiliver?Enestvedt C, Diggs B, Sheppard B, Orloff S, Billingsley K. Laparoscopic Hepatic Resection: Do Favorable Short-Term Outcomes Make It the Procedure of Choice for Lesions of the Left Hemiliver? Gastroenterology 2011, 140: s-1035. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(11)64300-x.
Outcome After Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation of Technically Resectable Colorectal Liver MetastasesHammill C, Billingsley K, Cassera M, Wolf R, Ujiki M, Hansen P. Outcome After Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation of Technically Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastases. Annals Of Surgical Oncology 2011, 18: 1947-1954. PMID: 21399885, DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1535-9.
Laparoscopic hepatic resection: Favorable short-term outcomes for colorectal cancer metastases of the left hemiliver.Enestvedt C, Diggs B, Sheppard B, Orloff S, Billingsley K. Laparoscopic hepatic resection: Favorable short-term outcomes for colorectal cancer metastases of the left hemiliver. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2011, 29: 347-347. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.347.
Endoscopic ultrasound may be unnecessary in the preoperative evaluation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasmCone M, Rea J, Diggs B, Billingsley K, Sheppard B. Endoscopic ultrasound may be unnecessary in the preoperative evaluation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2010, 13: 112-116. PMID: 21241428, PMCID: PMC3044345, DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00254.x.
Surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: outcomes and predictive factorsEllis M, Cassera M, Vetto J, Orloff S, Hansen P, Billingsley K. Surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: outcomes and predictive factors. Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2010, 13: 59-63. PMID: 21159105, PMCID: PMC3019543, DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00242.x.
An Updated Report on the Pathologic Complete Response and Survival Outcome of Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG S0536): A Phase II Trial of Oxaliplatin (oxp) Plus Protracted Infusion 5-Fluorouracil (PIFU) and External Beam Radiation (EBRT) Prior to Surgery(s) for Potentially Curable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EA) with Molecular CorrelatesLeichman L, Goldman B, Thomas C, Billingsley K, Corless C, Lenz H, Iqbal S, Benedetti J, Gold P, Blanke C. An Updated Report on the Pathologic Complete Response and Survival Outcome of Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG S0536): A Phase II Trial of Oxaliplatin (oxp) Plus Protracted Infusion 5-Fluorouracil (PIFU) and External Beam Radiation (EBRT) Prior to Surgery(s) for Potentially Curable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EA) with Molecular Correlates. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2010, 78: s28-s29. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.106.
Techniques and Results of Portal Vein/Superior Mesenteric Vein Reconstruction Using Femoral and Saphenous Vein During PancreaticoduodenectomyLee D, Mitchell E, Jones M, Landry G, Liem T, Sheppard B, Billingsley K, Moneta G. Techniques and Results of Portal Vein/Superior Mesenteric Vein Reconstruction Using Femoral and Saphenous Vein During Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2010, 52: 530. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.05.045.
Adjuvant therapy and survival after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinomaMayo S, Austin D, Sheppard B, Mori M, Shipley D, Billingsley K. Adjuvant therapy and survival after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2010, 116: 2932-2940. PMID: 20336787, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25082.
Techniques and results of portal vein/superior mesenteric vein reconstruction using femoral and saphenous vein during pancreaticoduodenectomyLee D, Mitchell E, Jones M, Landry G, Liem T, Sheppard B, Billingsley K, Moneta G. Techniques and results of portal vein/superior mesenteric vein reconstruction using femoral and saphenous vein during pancreaticoduodenectomy. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2010, 51: 662-666. PMID: 20080375, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.09.025.
A population-based analysis of surgical and adjuvant therapy for resected gastric cancer: are patients receiving appropriate treatment following publication of the intergroup 0116 results?Enestvedt C, Diggs B, Shipley D, Thomas C, Billingsley K. A population-based analysis of surgical and adjuvant therapy for resected gastric cancer: are patients receiving appropriate treatment following publication of the intergroup 0116 results? Gastrointestinal Cancer Research : GCR 2009, 3: 233-8. PMID: 21151426, PMCID: PMC3000069.
Effect of Chemoradiation on Survival of Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Close or Positive MarginsBicquart C, Youssef R, Sheppard B, Corless C, Billingsley K, Thomas C. Effect of Chemoradiation on Survival of Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Close or Positive Margins. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2009, 75: s291-s292. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.671.
Oxaliplatin (OXP) plus protracted infusion 5-fluorouracil (PIFU) and external beam radiation (EBRT) prior to surgery (S) for potentially curable esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA): A Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) phase II trial with molecular correlates (S0356)Leichman L, Goldman B, Benedetti J, Billingsley K, Thomas C, Iqbal S, Lenz H, Blanke C, Gold P, Corless C. Oxaliplatin (OXP) plus protracted infusion 5-fluorouracil (PIFU) and external beam radiation (EBRT) prior to surgery (S) for potentially curable esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA): A Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) phase II trial with molecular correlates (S0356). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2009, 27: 4513-4513. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4513.
PP99. Techniques, Morbidity and Patency of Portal Vein Reconstruction Using Lower Extremity Vein During PancreaticoduodenectomyMitchell E, Jones M, Landry G, Liem T, Sheppard B, Billingsley K, Moneta G. PP99. Techniques, Morbidity and Patency of Portal Vein Reconstruction Using Lower Extremity Vein During Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2009, 49: s43-s44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.02.129.
T1555 Outcomes from Liver Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the Age of FOLFOX ChemotherapySally M, Orloff S, Sheppard B, Khan S, Billingsley K. T1555 Outcomes from Liver Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the Age of FOLFOX Chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 2009, 136: a-910. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(09)64208-6.
Evolving Preoperative Evaluation of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: Does Laparoscopy Have a Role in the Current Era?Mayo S, Austin D, Sheppard B, Mori M, Shipley D, Billingsley K. Evolving Preoperative Evaluation of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: Does Laparoscopy Have a Role in the Current Era? Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2009, 208: 87-95. PMID: 19228509, DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.10.014.
Response: Re: Residual Treatment Disparities After Oncology Referral for Rectal CancerMorris A, Billingsley K, Matthews B, Baldwin L, Hayanga A, Birkmeyer J. Response: Re: Residual Treatment Disparities After Oncology Referral for Rectal Cancer. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2008, 100: 1740-1740. PMID: 18477800, PMCID: PMC2766763, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djn396.
Phase II trial of romidepsin (NSC-630176) in previously treated colorectal cancer patients with advanced disease: a Southwest Oncology Group study (S0336)Whitehead R, Rankin C, Hoff P, Gold P, Billingsley K, Chapman R, Wong L, Ward J, Abbruzzese J, Blanke C. Phase II trial of romidepsin (NSC-630176) in previously treated colorectal cancer patients with advanced disease: a Southwest Oncology Group study (S0336). Investigational New Drugs 2008, 27: 469. PMID: 18941712, PMCID: PMC3024913, DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9190-8.
Image of the Month—Quiz CaseMayo S, Huang H, Dobos N, Billingsley K. Image of the Month—Quiz Case. JAMA Surgery 2008, 143: 1017-1017. PMID: 18936384, DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.143.10.1017.
P. Clavien, M. Sarr, Y. Fong (eds): Atlas of Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryBillingsley K. P. Clavien, M. Sarr, Y. Fong (eds): Atlas of Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Surgery. World Journal Of Surgery 2008, 32: 2130-2130. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9644-3.
A population based analysis of surgical and adjuvant therapy for resectable gastric adenocarcinomaEnestvedt C, Diggs B, Shipley D, Thomas C, Billingsley K. A population based analysis of surgical and adjuvant therapy for resectable gastric adenocarcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2008, 26: 6596-6596. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.6596.
Residual Treatment Disparities After Oncology Referral for Rectal CancerMorris A, Billingsley K, Hayanga A, Matthews B, Baldwin L, Birkmeyer J. Residual Treatment Disparities After Oncology Referral for Rectal Cancer. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2008, 100: 738-744. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djn145.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Patients with Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Is It Cost-Effective in the Current Era?Enestvedt C, Mayo S, Diggs B, Mori M, Austin D, Shipley D, Sheppard B, Billingsley K. Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Patients with Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Is It Cost-Effective in the Current Era? Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2008, 12: 1177-1184. PMID: 18470572, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-008-0514-y.
Does Surgeon Case Volume Influence Nonfatal Adverse Outcomes after Rectal Cancer Resection?Billingsley K, Morris A, Green P, Dominitz J, Matthews B, Dobie S, Barlow W, Baldwin L. Does Surgeon Case Volume Influence Nonfatal Adverse Outcomes after Rectal Cancer Resection? Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2008, 206: 1167-1177. PMID: 18501815, PMCID: PMC3103396, DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.12.042.
Survival benefits and trends in use of adjuvant therapy among elderly stage II and III rectal cancer patients in the general populationDobie S, Warren J, Matthews B, Schwartz D, Baldwin L, Billingsley K. Survival benefits and trends in use of adjuvant therapy among elderly stage II and III rectal cancer patients in the general population. Cancer 2008, 112: 789-799. PMID: 18189291, PMCID: PMC3103394, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23244.
Reoperation as a Quality Indicator in Colorectal SurgeryMorris A, Baldwin L, Matthews B, Dominitz J, Barlow W, Dobie S, Billingsley K. Reoperation as a Quality Indicator in Colorectal Surgery. Annals Of Surgery 2007, 245: 73-79. PMID: 17197968, PMCID: PMC1867944, DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000231797.37743.9f.
Comparison of Helical CT and CT Arterial Portography for Colorectal Liver MetastastesBillingsley K. Comparison of Helical CT and CT Arterial Portography for Colorectal Liver Metastastes. World Journal Of Surgery 2006, 30: 1900-1901. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-006-0345-5.
Outcome Following Surgical Therapy for Gastrointestinal Stromal TumorsGupta M, Sheppard B, Corless C, MacDonell K, Blanke C, Billingsley K. Outcome Following Surgical Therapy for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2006, 10: 1099-1105. PMID: 16966028, DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2006.05.014.
Phase II trial of depsipeptide (NSC-630176) in colorectal cancer patients who have received either one or two prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic or locally advanced, unresectable disease: A Southwest Oncology Group studyWhitehead R, McCoy S, Wollner I, Wong L, Harker W, Hoff P, Gold P, Billingsley K, Blanke C. Phase II trial of depsipeptide (NSC-630176) in colorectal cancer patients who have received either one or two prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic or locally advanced, unresectable disease: A Southwest Oncology Group study. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2006, 24: 3598-3598. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3598.
Completion of Therapy by Medicare Patients With Stage III Colon CancerDobie S, Baldwin L, Dominitz J, Matthews B, Billingsley K, Barlow W. Completion of Therapy by Medicare Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2006, 98: 610-619. PMID: 16670386, PMCID: PMC3124351, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj159.
Complications and Antireflux Medication Use After Antireflux SurgeryDominitz J, Dire C, Billingsley K, Todd–Stenberg J. Complications and Antireflux Medication Use After Antireflux Surgery. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2006, 4: 299-305. PMID: 16527692, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.019.
Current Status of Colorectal Cancer TherapyStrother J, Billingsley K, Hung A, Blanke C. Current Status of Colorectal Cancer Therapy. 2006, 273-285. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-172-7_23.
Explaining Black–White Differences in Receipt of Recommended Colon Cancer TreatmentBaldwin L, Dobie S, Billingsley K, Cai Y, Wright G, Dominitz J, Barlow W, Warren J, Taplin S. Explaining Black–White Differences in Receipt of Recommended Colon Cancer Treatment. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2005, 97: 1211-1220. PMID: 16106026, PMCID: PMC3138542, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji241.
Clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of routine preoperative computed tomography scanning in patients with colon cancerMauchley D, Lynge D, Langdale L, Stelzner M, Mock C, Billingsley K. Clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of routine preoperative computed tomography scanning in patients with colon cancer. The American Journal Of Surgery 2005, 189: 512-517. PMID: 15862487, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.01.027.
Uncommon anal neoplasmsBillingsley K, Stern L, Lowy A, Kahlenberg M, Thomas C. Uncommon anal neoplasms. Surgical Oncology Clinics Of North America 2004, 13: 375-388. PMID: 15137963, DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2003.12.002.
Care of patients after esophagectomy.Mackenzie D, Popplewell P, Billingsley K. Care of patients after esophagectomy. Critical Care Nurse 2004, 24: 16-29; quiz 30-1. PMID: 15007889, DOI: 10.4037/ccn2004.24.1.16.
Racial Disparities in Rectal Cancer Treatment: A Population-Based AnalysisMorris A, Billingsley K, Baxter N, Baldwin L. Racial Disparities in Rectal Cancer Treatment: A Population-Based Analysis. JAMA Surgery 2004, 139: 151-155. PMID: 14769572, DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.139.2.151.
Outcome After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Periampullary Cancer: An Analysis from the Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement ProgramBillingsley K, Hur K, Henderson W, Daley J, Khuri S, Bell R. Outcome After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Periampullary Cancer: An Analysis from the Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2003, 7: 484-491. PMID: 12763405, DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(03)00067-2.
The utility of routine preoperative computed tomography scanning in the management of veterans with colon cancerBarton J, Langdale L, Cummins J, Stelzner M, Lynge D, Mock C, Nason K, Billingsley K. The utility of routine preoperative computed tomography scanning in the management of veterans with colon cancer. The American Journal Of Surgery 2002, 183: 499-503. PMID: 12034380, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00841-3.
The Development of a Telemedical Cancer Center within the Veterans Affairs Health Care System: A Report of Preliminary Clinical ResultsBillingsley K, Schwartz D, Lentz S, Vallires E, Montgomery R, Schubach W, Penson D, Yueh B, Chansky H, Zink C, Parayno D, Starkebaum G. The Development of a Telemedical Cancer Center within the Veterans Affairs Health Care System: A Report of Preliminary Clinical Results. Telemedicine Journal And E-Health 2002, 8: 123-130. PMID: 12020412, DOI: 10.1089/15305620252933464.
Race, Treatment, and Survival of Veterans With Cancer of the Distal Esophagus and Gastric CardiaDominitz J, Maynard C, Billingsley K, Boyko E. Race, Treatment, and Survival of Veterans With Cancer of the Distal Esophagus and Gastric Cardia. Medical Care 2002, 40: i-14. PMID: 11789626, DOI: 10.1097/00005650-200201001-00003.
Argon plasma coagulation for rectal bleeding after prostate brachytherapySmith S, Wallner K, Dominitz J, Han B, True L, Sutlief S, Billingsley K. Argon plasma coagulation for rectal bleeding after prostate brachytherapy. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2001, 51: 636-642. PMID: 11597803, DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01704-7.
The use of trimodality therapy for the treatment of operable esophageal carcinoma in the veteran populationBillingsley K, Maynard C, Schwartz D, Dominitz J. The use of trimodality therapy for the treatment of operable esophageal carcinoma in the veteran population. Cancer 2001, 92: 1272-1280. PMID: 11571743, DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010901)92:5<1272::aid-cncr1448>3.0.co;2-a.
Follow-up care for cancer: making the benefits equal the cost.Schwartz D, Billingsley K, Wallner K. Follow-up care for cancer: making the benefits equal the cost. Oncology 2000, 14: 1493-8, 1501; discussion 1502-5. PMID: 11098513.
Acute presentation of transverse colon injury following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement: case report and review of current management.Maccabee D, Dominitz J, Lee S, Billingsley K. Acute presentation of transverse colon injury following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement: case report and review of current management. Surgical Endoscopy 2000, 14: 296. PMID: 10854520, DOI: 10.1007/s004649901208.

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