2019
Very Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute HIV Infection Is Associated With Normalized Levels of Immune Activation Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not in Plasma
Hellmuth J, Slike BM, Sacdalan C, Best J, Kroon E, Phanuphak N, Fletcher JLK, Prueksakaew P, Jagodzinski LL, Valcour V, Robb M, Ananworanich J, Allen IE, Krebs SJ, Spudich S. Very Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute HIV Infection Is Associated With Normalized Levels of Immune Activation Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not in Plasma. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2019, 220: 1885-1891. PMID: 30668739, PMCID: PMC6833977, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute HIV infectionAntiretroviral therapyART initiationCerebrospinal fluidWeek 96Week 24HIV infectionImmune activationAHI groupHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionEarly ART initiationPlasma CCL2 levelsTrajectory of HIVChronic immune activationImmune activation markersSuppressive antiretroviral therapyImmunodeficiency virus infectionInterleukin-6 levelsMarkers of inflammationPlasma neopterin levelsWeeks of treatmentCentral nervous systemART regimenCCL2 levelsNeopterin levels
2013
Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin decay characteristics after initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Yilmaz A, Yiannoutsos CT, Fuchs D, Price RW, Crozier K, Hagberg L, Spudich S, Gisslén M. Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin decay characteristics after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Journal Of Neuroinflammation 2013, 10: 828. PMID: 23664008, PMCID: PMC3657550, DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-62.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCSF neopterin levelsAntiretroviral therapyNeopterin levelsCerebrospinal fluidCSF neopterinHAD patientsMacrophage activationART-mediated viral suppressionCommencement of ARTHigher pre-ART levelsCSF neopterin concentrationsPre-ART levelsProlonged antiretroviral therapySuppressive antiretroviral therapySet-point levelsBlood neopterinHAD subjectsART initiationAsymptomatic HIVTreatment-naïveViral suppressionNeopterin concentrationsImmune activationMost HIVHIV
2008
Persistent Intrathecal Immune Activation in HIV-1-Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy
Yilmaz A, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. Persistent Intrathecal Immune Activation in HIV-1-Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2008, 47: 168-173. PMID: 17971711, PMCID: PMC2628632, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31815ace97.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCSF neopterin levelsHIV-1-infected patientsHIV-1-infected individualsCSF neopterin concentrationsCSF viral loadIntrathecal immune activationAntiretroviral therapyHIV-1 RNACopies/mLNeopterin levelsViral loadNeopterin concentrationsImmune activationCSF HIV-1 RNA loadMost HIV-1-infected individualsPlasma HIV-1 RNA levelsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neopterin levelsQuantitative HIV-1 RNAHIV-1 RNA levelsHIV-1 RNA loadCell-mediated immune responsesHIV-1 RNA quantificationHIV-1 concentrationsStable antiretroviral therapySuppressive antiretroviral therapy
2007
Immune Activation of the Central Nervous System Is Still Present after >4 Years of Effective Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Edén A, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. Immune Activation of the Central Nervous System Is Still Present after >4 Years of Effective Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2007, 196: 1779-1783. PMID: 18190258, DOI: 10.1086/523648.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV RNA levelsCopies/mLActive antiretroviral therapyIntrathecal immunoactivationNeopterin levelsCerebrospinal fluidIgG indexAntiretroviral therapyPlasma HIV RNA levelsMacrophage/microglia activationHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNAUpper normal reference valueIntrathecal immunoglobulin productionYears of treatmentCentral nervous systemNormal reference valuesMicroglia activationImmune activationImmunoglobulin productionEffective treatmentCSF samplesPatientsNervous systemCell countHAART