2024
Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population
Arun A, Caraballo C, Sawano M, Lu Y, Khera R, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2436402. PMID: 39348122, PMCID: PMC11443349, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36402.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedBlack or African AmericanCause of DeathFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMortalityUnited StatesYoung Adult
2023
Racial/ethnic disparities in PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States
Ma Y, Zang E, Opara I, Lu Y, Krumholz H, Chen K. Racial/ethnic disparities in PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States. Nature Human Behaviour 2023, 7: 2074-2083. PMID: 37653149, PMCID: PMC10901568, DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01694-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBlack or African AmericanCardiovascular DiseasesEthnicityHispanic or LatinoHumansParticulate MatterRacial GroupsUnited StatesWhiteConceptsNon-Hispanic White peopleCVD deathMortality burdenNon-Hispanic black peopleCardiovascular disease mortality ratesDisease mortality ratesNon-Hispanic blacksRace/ethnicityMortality rateLong-term exposureWhite peopleEthnic disparitiesHealth benefitsHispanic peopleSignificant differencesBurdenDeathUS countiesEthnic groupsAbsolute disparityAssociationExposureEthnic minoritiesDisparitiesAmbient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrationsExcess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020
Caraballo C, Massey D, Ndumele C, Haywood T, Kaleem S, King T, Liu Y, Lu Y, Nunez-Smith M, Taylor H, Watson K, Herrin J, Yancy C, Faust J, Krumholz H. Excess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020. JAMA 2023, 329: 1662-1670. PMID: 37191702, PMCID: PMC10189563, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.7022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBlack or African AmericanBlack PeopleCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityFemaleHealth PromotionHumansInfantLife ExpectancyMaleMiddle AgedMortalityUnited StatesWhiteConceptsExcess mortality ratesExcess deathsMortality ratePotential lifeWhite populationExcess mortalitySerial cross-sectional studyHighest excess mortality ratesBlack populationCause-specific mortalityCross-sectional studyHigh mortality rateNon-Hispanic whitesYears of lifeUS national dataMiddle-aged adultsCause mortalityHeart diseaseDeath certificatesNon-Hispanic black populationMAIN OUTCOMEAge groupsDisease controlMortalityBlack males
2022
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Financial Barriers Among Overweight and Obese Adults Eligible for Semaglutide in the United States
Lu Y, Liu Y, Krumholz HM. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Financial Barriers Among Overweight and Obese Adults Eligible for Semaglutide in the United States. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2022, 11: e025545. PMID: 36172953, PMCID: PMC9673703, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025545.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBlack or African AmericanCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansNutrition SurveysObesityOverweightUnited StatesConceptsLow family incomeEligible populationUsual sourceHispanic adultsFinancial barriersEthnic disparitiesNutrition Examination Survey 2015Drug Administration labelingCross-sectional analysisFamily incomePercentage of adultsObese adultsNational HealthUS adultsSemaglutideEligibility criteriaSocial determinantsBlack adultsLarge proportionFinal analysisWeight lossHispanic individualsWhite individualsAdultsRisk reductionRacism as a leading cause of death in the United States
Krumholz HM, Massey DS, Dorsey KB. Racism as a leading cause of death in the United States. The BMJ 2022, 376: o213. PMID: 35078777, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.o213.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack or African AmericanCause of DeathHealth Status DisparitiesHealthcare DisparitiesHumansRacismUnited StatesAssociation between Residential Segregation and Long-Term Acute Care Hospital Performance on Improvement in Function among Ventilated Patients.
Jain S, Walkey AJ, Law AC, Ferrante LE, Lindenauer PK, Krumholz HM. Association between Residential Segregation and Long-Term Acute Care Hospital Performance on Improvement in Function among Ventilated Patients. Annals Of The American Thoracic Society 2022, 19: 147-150. PMID: 34644244, PMCID: PMC8787797, DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202107-796rl.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBlack or African AmericanHealth FacilitiesHospitalsHumansResidence CharacteristicsRespiration, ArtificialSocial Segregation
2020
Evaluation of STEMI Regionalization on Access, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Adults Living in Nonminority and Minority Communities
Hsia RY, Krumholz H, Shen YC. Evaluation of STEMI Regionalization on Access, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Adults Living in Nonminority and Minority Communities. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3: e2025874. PMID: 33196809, PMCID: PMC7670311, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25874.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlack or African AmericanCaliforniaCause of DeathCohort StudiesFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHealthcare DisparitiesHispanic or LatinoHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedMinority GroupsMortalityNon-Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicPercutaneous Coronary InterventionRegional Medical ProgramsResidence CharacteristicsST Elevation Myocardial InfarctionTime-to-TreatmentWhite PeopleConceptsST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionElevation myocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionPCI-capable hospitalsZip codesNon-Hispanic whitesPatient's countyCause mortalityCohort studyCoronary interventionPCI hospitalsPCI treatmentWhite patientsCapable hospitalsMyocardial infarctionTop tertileInpatient dataMAIN OUTCOMEPatientsSTEMI regionalizationSmall improvementHospitalPotential mechanismsSame dayHispanic populationAssociation Between Sociodemographic Determinants and Disparities in Stroke Symptom Awareness Among US Young Adults
Mszar R, Mahajan S, Valero-Elizondo J, Yahya T, Sharma R, Grandhi GR, Khera R, Virani SS, Lichtman J, Khan SU, Cainzos-Achirica M, Vahidy FS, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Association Between Sociodemographic Determinants and Disparities in Stroke Symptom Awareness Among US Young Adults. Stroke 2020, 51: 3552-3561. PMID: 33100188, DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031137.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Health Interview SurveyCommon stroke symptomsStroke symptomsHealth Interview SurveyYoung adultsUS young adultsSymptom awarenessFocused public health interventionsInterview SurveyStroke symptom awarenessHigh-risk characteristicsPublic health interventionsArms/legsCertain sociodemographic subgroupsLow education levelStroke incidenceSevere headacheSingle symptomStudy populationTimely diagnosisHigher oddsStroke rateHispanic ethnicityGeneral populationSociodemographic determinantsBurden and Consequences of Financial Hardship From Medical Bills Among Nonelderly Adults With Diabetes Mellitus in the United States
Caraballo C, Valero-Elizondo J, Khera R, Mahajan S, Grandhi GR, Virani SS, Mszar R, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Burden and Consequences of Financial Hardship From Medical Bills Among Nonelderly Adults With Diabetes Mellitus in the United States. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2020, 13: e006139. PMID: 32069093, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.119.006139.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAge FactorsBlack or African AmericanComorbidityCost of IllnessCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes MellitusFemaleFinancing, PersonalFood SupplyHealth Care CostsHealth Care SurveysHealth ExpendituresHealth Services AccessibilityHumansIncomeMaleMedically UninsuredMiddle AgedPatient ComplianceRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultConceptsDiabetes mellitusMedical billsHigher oddsMedical careNational Health Interview Survey dataHealth Interview Survey dataCost-related medication nonadherenceHigher comorbidity burdenCost-related nonadherenceSelf-reported diagnosisNon-Hispanic blacksInterview Survey dataFinancial hardshipMedication nonadherenceMean ageNonmedical needsHigh prevalenceMellitusMultivariate analysisPocket expenditureFood insecurityNonadherenceHigh financial distressPatientsAdults
2018
Sex and Race Differences in the Utilization and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2014
Angraal S, Khera R, Wang Y, Lu Y, Jean R, Dreyer RP, Geirsson A, Desai NR, Krumholz HM. Sex and Race Differences in the Utilization and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2014. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2018, 7: e009014. PMID: 30005557, PMCID: PMC6064835, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery bypassCABG utilizationArtery bypassUse of CABGService Medicare beneficiariesCalendar year trendsCABG mortalityUnderwent CABGReadmission ratesCABG proceduresWhite patientsBlack patientsPatient groupMedicare beneficiariesMedicare feeMortality rateCABGAnnual declineWomenRacial subgroupsRacial differencesGreater declineOutcomesPatientsSex
2015
National Trends in Pulmonary Embolism Hospitalization Rates and Outcomes for Adults Aged ≥65 Years in the United States (1999 to 2010)
Minges KE, Bikdeli B, Wang Y, Kim N, Curtis JP, Desai MM, Krumholz HM. National Trends in Pulmonary Embolism Hospitalization Rates and Outcomes for Adults Aged ≥65 Years in the United States (1999 to 2010). The American Journal Of Cardiology 2015, 116: 1436-1442. PMID: 26409636, PMCID: PMC4841688, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.07.068.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHospitalization ratesMortality rateReadmission ratesBlack patientsPrincipal discharge diagnosis codeOlder adultsCause readmission rateHospital mortality rateProportion of patientsRetrospective cohort studyDischarge diagnosis codesSkilled nursing facilitiesNational trendsSignificant racial differencesHigh rateHome health careHospital stayAdults AgedCohort studyMore patientsTherapeutic advancesDiagnosis codesMedicare feeNursing facilitiesSignificant burdenRacial Differences in Heart Failure Outcomes Evidence From the Tele-HF Trial (Telemonitoring to Improve Heart Failure Outcomes)
Qian F, Parzynski CS, Chaudhry SI, Hannan EL, Shaw BA, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Racial Differences in Heart Failure Outcomes Evidence From the Tele-HF Trial (Telemonitoring to Improve Heart Failure Outcomes). JACC Heart Failure 2015, 3: 531-538. PMID: 26160368, PMCID: PMC8635169, DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.03.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPatient-reported health statusKansas City Cardiomyopathy QuestionnaireHeart failureBlack patientsHealth statusHF hospitalizationRacial differencesBaseline KCCQ scoresClinical laboratory valuesPatient-reported outcomesSignificant racial differencesKCCQ scoresHF admissionsPatient demographicsWhite patientsLaboratory valuesPropensity score methodsPatientsHospitalizationOutcome evidenceMonthsLinear mixed modelsBaselineTrialsStatus
2013
Prevalence of Traditional Cardiac Risk Factors and Secondary Prevention Among Patients Hospitalized for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI): Variation by Age, Sex, and Race
Leifheit-Limson EC, Spertus JA, Reid KJ, Jones SB, Vaccarino V, Krumholz HM, Lichtman JH. Prevalence of Traditional Cardiac Risk Factors and Secondary Prevention Among Patients Hospitalized for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI): Variation by Age, Sex, and Race. Journal Of Women's Health 2013, 22: 659-666. PMID: 23841468, DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.3962.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overBlack or African AmericanBody Mass IndexCounselingDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHospitalizationHumansHypercholesterolemiaHypertensionLife StyleMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionObesityPrevalenceProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSecondary PreventionSex FactorsSmokingSmoking CessationSocioeconomic FactorsWhite PeopleConceptsCardiac risk factorsAcute myocardial infarctionSecondary prevention effortsTraditional cardiac risk factorsLipid-lowering medicationsRisk factorsWhite patientsAMI patientsMyocardial infarctionPrevention effortsGreater risk factor burdenMultiple cardiac risk factorsRisk factor burdenYoung black patientsYoung white patientsSecondary prevention strategiesRisk factor prevalenceHigh-risk subgroupsMultiple risk factorsBlack womenAge-sex groupsOlder patientsSecondary preventionYounger patientsFactor prevalence
2011
National and Regional Trends in Heart Failure Hospitalization and Mortality Rates for Medicare Beneficiaries, 1998-2008
Chen J, Normand SL, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. National and Regional Trends in Heart Failure Hospitalization and Mortality Rates for Medicare Beneficiaries, 1998-2008. JAMA 2011, 306: 1669-1678. PMID: 22009099, PMCID: PMC3688069, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1474.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHF hospitalization ratesHeart failure hospitalizationHospitalization ratesMortality rateFailure hospitalizationHeart failure hospitalization ratesPrincipal discharge diagnosis codeOne-year mortality rateDischarge diagnosis codesIschemic heart diseaseAcute care hospitalsService Medicare beneficiariesLower ratesBlack menHF hospitalizationPatient demographicsCare hospitalDiagnosis codesHeart diseaseRisk factorsMedicare beneficiariesHospitalizationStudy periodMortalityNational mean
2010
Racial Disparities in Health Literacy and Access to Care Among Patients With Heart Failure
Chaudhry SI, Herrin J, Phillips C, Butler J, Mukerjhee S, Murillo J, Onwuanyi A, Seto TB, Spertus J, Krumholz HM. Racial Disparities in Health Literacy and Access to Care Among Patients With Heart Failure. Journal Of Cardiac Failure 2010, 17: 122-127. PMID: 21300301, PMCID: PMC3053061, DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.09.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHeart failure patientsHealth literacyFailure patientsHeart failureInsurance statusWorse health literacyOutpatient medical careRacial differencesImportant racial differencesNoncardiac comorbiditiesUnadjusted analysesBlack raceCare existMedical homePatientsMedical careRacial disparitiesSocioeconomic statusStrong associationPotential mediatorsHealth carePoor accessCareSocial supportStatusPatterns of moderate and vigorous physical activity in obese and overweight compared with non‐overweight children
DORSEY KB, HERRIN J, KRUMHOLZ HM. Patterns of moderate and vigorous physical activity in obese and overweight compared with non‐overweight children. Pediatric Obesity 2010, 6: e547-e555. PMID: 20883127, PMCID: PMC3815589, DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2010.490586.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVigorous physical activityOW/OBNon-overweight childrenMVPA boutsPhysical activityGreater body mass index z-scoreVPA boutsOW/OB groupBody mass index z-scoreMean daily MVPANon-overweight groupLess physical activityIndex z-scoreMinutes of MVPANon-overweight peersObese childrenObese participantsOverweight childrenOB groupDaily MVPASustained MVPADistinct patternsOB participantsMVPAConsecutive bouts
2009
Factors associated with racial differences in myocardial infarction outcomes.
Spertus JA, Jones PG, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, Krumholz HM. Factors associated with racial differences in myocardial infarction outcomes. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2009, 150: 314-24. PMID: 19258559, PMCID: PMC3387537, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-5-200903030-00007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQuality of lifeMyocardial infarction outcomesSite of careBlack patientsMyocardial infarctionRacial differencesPost-myocardial infarction outcomesBaseline cardiac riskHigher unadjusted mortalityProspective cohort studySeattle Angina QuestionnaireAngina QuestionnaireCardiovascular outcomesCause mortalityRehospitalization ratesUnadjusted mortalityCohort studyHospital factorsPatient characteristicsWhite patientsCardiac dysfunctionCardiac riskPatient factorsPatient's symptomsNational Heart
2008
Healthcare Workplace Conversations on Race and the Perspectives of Physicians of African Descent
Nunez-Smith M, Curry LA, Berg D, Krumholz HM, Bradley EH. Healthcare Workplace Conversations on Race and the Perspectives of Physicians of African Descent. Journal Of General Internal Medicine 2008, 23: 1471-1476. PMID: 18618190, PMCID: PMC2518023, DOI: 10.1007/s11606-008-0709-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRace-related issuesAfrican descentRange of perspectivesRace-related concernsConstant comparative methodRace relationsQualitative interviewsExternal support systemsHonest dialogueProfessional identityWorkplace silenceFormal medical trainingWork experienceHealthcare experiencesWorkplace conversationsComparative methodSupportive environmentResultsFive themesRaceNew England statesPerspectiveHealthcare discriminationConversationConstructive wayHealthcare workforce
2005
Racial differences in reperfusion therapy use in patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction: A regional phenomenon
Rathore SS, Frederick PD, Every NR, Barron HV, Krumholz HM. Racial differences in reperfusion therapy use in patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction: A regional phenomenon. American Heart Journal 2005, 149: 1074-1081. PMID: 15976791, PMCID: PMC2790272, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedBlack or African AmericanFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial ReperfusionUnited StatesWhite PeopleConceptsTherapy useMyocardial infarctionBlack patientsReperfusion therapyWhite patientsRacial differencesLower crude ratesMyocardial Infarction 2Reperfusion therapy ratesCohort of patientsTherapy ratesMultivariable adjustmentClinical contraindicationsNational registryPractice patternsCrude ratePatientsInfarctionGeographic regionsTherapyLower ratesTreatmentNational patternsContraindicationsDifferencesRace and Renal Impairment in Heart Failure
Smith GL, Shlipak MG, Havranek EP, Masoudi FA, McClellan WM, Foody JM, Rathore SS, Krumholz HM. Race and Renal Impairment in Heart Failure. Circulation 2005, 111: 1270-1277. PMID: 15769768, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000158131.78881.d5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersBlack or African AmericanCohort StudiesComorbidityCreatinineDiabetes MellitusFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHeart FailureHumansHypertensionInpatientsKidney DiseasesMaleMedicareMortalityMyocardial InfarctionPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeWhite PeopleConceptsRenal impairmentHF patientsWhite patientsMortality riskRacial differencesElderly HF patientsSimilar racial differencesGlomerular filtration rateHeart failure patientsStriking racial disparitiesMagnitude of riskDistinct morbidityElevated creatinineFailure patientsRenal functionHeart failureHigher creatinineRenal diseaseBlack patientsOptimal therapyPrognostic indicatorFiltration rateMedicare patientsMortality burdenRepresentative cohort