Each month during women’s reproductive years, the uterus sheds and regenerates the tissue lining its walls in preparation for a pregnancy or the next cycle. The process behind this age-old and essential part of human reproduction is not well understood. But recent research led by Yale pathologist Wang Min identifies stem cells and a gene that contribute to this monthly event.
To study the mechanism, the researchers used hormones to stimulate menstruation in mice. They then examined sections of uterine tissue at different stages of the reproductive cycle with a fluorescent microscope. A final step was to quantify the cells found inside the inner lining of the uterus, known as the epithelium.
Min and his colleagues identified a population of stem cells, called CD34+KLF4+, that migrate from inside the uterine lining to become epithelial cells, which replace tissue shed during menstruation. They also discovered a gene that regulates the process. If the gene expression is abnormally high, it could cause infertility; if gene function is lost, endometrial cancer could develop. These findings suggest the gene could be a promising target for drugs to treat these common conditions, Min said.